Studies of methyl isocyanate chemistry in the Bhopal incident

D'silva, T. D. J.; Lopes, Anibal; Jones, Russell L.; Singhawangcha, S.; Chan, John K.

doi:10.1021/jo00370a007

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The reactions of methyl isocyanate with water have received considerable attention since it was the compound responsible for the death of nearly 8000 people initially and around 17 000 in total as a result of the world's worst industrial accident in Bhopal, India in which methyl isocyanate was released. [58] Methyl isocyanate reacts exothermically with water to form 1,3-dimethylurea [(CH 3 NH) 2 CO] and CO 2 .…”

Section: Amide Atmospheric Oxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the Atmospheric Chemistry of Amides

et al. 2010

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The gas-phase reactions of six amides, formamide, N-methyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, acetamide, N-methyl acetamide and N,N-dimethyl acetamide with the atmospheric oxidants OH radicals and Cl atoms, but in a number of cases also with NO(3) radicals and ozone, are presented and discussed. Kinetic and mechanistic information available from previous experimental work is combined with new kinetic and product information from this study, obtained in a photoreactor using in situ FTIR spectrometry, to elucidate the gas-phase photooxidation mechanisms of the amides and assess potential environmental implications.

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Section: Amide Atmospheric Oxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the Atmospheric Chemistry of Amides

et al. 2010

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“…N , N′ ‐Dimethylisocyanuric Acid (7): Crystalline solid. 1 H NMR [400 MHz, (CD 3 ) 2 SO]: δ = 11.6 (br.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N,N′‐Dimethylated Benzyloxytriazinedione: A Stable Solid Reagent for Acid‐Catalyzed O‐Benzylation

2017

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N,N′‐Dimethylated 6‐(benzyloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione (DMBOT) has been developed as a triazinedione‐based, stable solid reagent for acid‐catalyzed O‐benzylation. The conceptual basis of the design was to fix the core triazinedione skeleton, and the two methyl groups in positions 1 and 3 were introduced to acheive this. The coproduct of DMBOT can be easily removed by simple washing. Various acid‐ and base‐labile alcohols were O‐benzylated by using DMBOT in the presence of an acid catalyst. In particular, 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, which is a mild, stable, and nonhygroscopic acid catalyst, can be used with DMBOT for this reaction. Compared to other reported methods, DMBOT gave better results for several challenging O‐benzylation reactions under nonbasic conditions.

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“…La hidrólisis de ICM para la formación de metilamina y dióxido de carbono se representa mediante la ecuación (1) (D'Silva et al, 1986):…”

Section: Sistema Reactivounclassified

“…La presión en el sistema se disparó y la explosión del tanque fue inevitable. Se generó un derrame descontrolado de vapor de ICM, un gas altamente tóxico, causando la muerte de miles de personas y con efectos irreversibles en los habitantes de Bhopal de los que aún en la actualidad no ha podido recuperarse (Ball, 2011;D'Silva et al, 1986;Abbasi y Abbasi, 2005;Eckerman, 2005;Mishra et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análisis de la Sensibilidad Paramétrica y del Comportamiento Dinámico de la Hidrólisis del Isocianato de Metilo

et al. 2016

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En este trabajo se combinan el análisis de sensibilidad paramétrica y el análisis dinámico para determinar las condiciones de inestabilidad térmica de la reacción de hidrólisis de isocianato de metilo, una reacción altamente exotérmica que demostró tener una elevada sensibilidad térmica (desastre de Bhopal-India, 1984). Para la simulación del sistema reactivo, se consideró un reactor de mezcla en estado transiente. El análisis de sensibilidad paramétrica define condiciones críticas de operación y con el análisis dinámico se determina rigurosamente las regiones de inestabilidad térmica, los puntos de bifurcación del sistema, y el comportamiento oscilatorio del mismo. Las ecuaciones diferenciales se solucionaron con el software Matcont ®. Se demostró cómo las condiciones fuera de control (runaway) y el comportamiento cíclico de la temperatura del sistema reactivo dependen de la temperatura del fluido de servicio y de los parámetros adimensionales l (transferencia de calor al medio) y f (flujo adimensional), y se determinaron sus valores críticos: lc=752.39 y fc=1.57.

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Studies of methyl isocyanate chemistry in the Bhopal incident

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Aspects of the Atmospheric Chemistry of Amides

Aspects of the Atmospheric Chemistry of Amides

N,N′‐Dimethylated Benzyloxytriazinedione: A Stable Solid Reagent for Acid‐Catalyzed O‐Benzylation

Análisis de la Sensibilidad Paramétrica y del Comportamiento Dinámico de la Hidrólisis del Isocianato de Metilo

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