Studies of kicking of three targets – does sex differentiate the velocity of the taekwondo front kick?

Abstract

Background:The aim of the research was to obtain knowledge concerning the impact of selected external determinants (kick target) and internal determinants (sex) on the movement kinematics during the performance of a front kick by taekwon-do practitioners. Material and methods:The analysis was performed on 8 men (18.3 ±1.7 years old) and 6 women (19.8 ±3.8 years old) practising taekwon-do. During research they performed front kicks into the air, at a table tennis ball hanging on a line and a training target (shield). A laboratory was used for analysis of the movement. Results:The mean maximum velocity of a kick into the air was registered (10.78 ±1.32 m/s for men and 8.51 ±1.50 m/s for women), at the target (9.98 ±1.40 m/s for men; 8.28 ±1.59 m/s for women) and at a ball (9.63 ±0.94 m/s for men; 7.73 ±2.01 m/s for women). Conclusions:The change of external conditions in the three examined cases has an impact on the front kick kinematics. Significant differences between the maximum movement velocities during the kicks performed in the case of women and men were found.

Sense of generalised self-efficacy and pro-health behaviours of Polish and Spanish physical education students

“…The obtained results also correspond to the tendencies described in other groups of Polish students of teaching specialisations, including physical education, in which it was shown that the students from the University of Physical Education (AWF Kraków), similarly to the students of other specialisations, obtained the highest results in the area of positive mental attitude and less in the category of preventive behaviours (Kosiba et al, 2019b). Similar trends were also described among students of Poznań universities and the Holy Cross University in Kielce, who showed the highest intensity of behaviours associated with positive mental attitude, and less regarding preventive and rational eating behaviours (Rasińska, 2012;Palacz, 2014).…”

“…The demonstrated high level of health-promoting behaviours in the domain of positive mental attitude and the so-called pro-health practices (including recreational physical activity) among physical education students may be associated with the educational profile of the studied group of academic youth oriented toward increased physical activity, which is an important factor contributing to the optimisation of mental state. Relatively high results in the so-called pro-health practices domain (including, but not limited to, physical activity) correspond, at the same time, to trends described in other studies, confirming a higher level of physical activity of physical education students compared to students with a different educational profile (Fagaras, Radu, Vanvu, 2015;Bednarek, Pomykała, Bigosińska, Szyguła, 2016;Yager, Gray, Curry, McLean, 2017;Kosiba, Gacek, Wojtowicz, Majer, 2019b). In another study, Spanish physical education students were also characterised by a more healthy lifestyle and more favourable body composition as well as blood lipid profile than students of other university specialisations, which is related to the educational profile focused on promoting an active and healthy lifestyle (Grima, Blay, 2016).…”