Studies of Dust and Discharges around a Martian Rover with Onboard Hazard Analyses using Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Measurements

Abstract

A remote-sensing payload designed for a Mars rover, to observe Martian discharge events induced by dust devils and storms, is introduced. Low-frequency electromagnetic (E-M) and acoustic wave (AW) measurements have never been performed on Mars. Thus, to date, the occurrence of large-scale electrical discharges on Mars remains unknown. These measurements are important, due to the long propagation distances (>100 km) of these atmospheric events and the potential damage incurred by Martian rover systems and future human landings. Combining E-M and AW measurements, precise distance information on dust storms and dust devils can be obtained using the velocities of light and sound, because discharges are generated by electrostatic processes in a low-pressure dusty atmosphere. Moreover, by estimating electrical conductivity using E-M waves, information on underground moisture may be obtained. The rover will also record the sounds of roaring winds, shock waves caused by meteor entries, the possible eruption of ground gases, liquid flow, and the operating sounds of the rover itself − all historic firsts for Mars exploration.