Studies of cryotreatment on the performance of integral diaphragm pressure transducers for space application

Abrasive Wear Behavior of Cryogenically Treated Boron Steel (30MnCrB4) Used for Rotavator Blades

“…During sliding distance of 1900 m, some particles of specimen's material dropped out, generating pitting along with wide and deep grooves on the surface of the specimen due to their plastic deformation with the continuous and repeated ploughing action, which was responsible for large wear loss of the material [56,65]. It is clearly visible in the SEM image of UT specimen presented in Figure 11a.…”

Effects of Cryo-Treatment on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Commercial Pure Titanium

“…The material's performance will be improved by inducing microstructural changes and stress redistribution. 19,20) Zhu et al used cryo-treatment to improve the mechanical properties of oral cast alloys. 21) The results showed that the yield strength and hardness of the cobaltchromium alloy were improved without causing significant linear deformation.…”

Improved wear resistance of steels by cryotreatment: the current state of understanding

“…Improvement in dimensional stability through reduction or elimination of RA is one of the primary reasons to attempt SZT of steels at its inception, and it is established by now that SZT, particularly DCT, enhances the dimensional stability of steel components. 1,28,68,69 Recently, cryogenically treated integral diaphragm pressure transducers have been considered for space applications as cryogenic treatment enhances dimensional stability, reduces RA content and decreases the level of compressive residual stresses of a diaphragm made of hardened martensitic (APX4) steel. 68 Transformation of RA also causes significant influence on the magnitude of residual stresses.…”

“…1,28,68,69 Recently, cryogenically treated integral diaphragm pressure transducers have been considered for space applications as cryogenic treatment enhances dimensional stability, reduces RA content and decreases the level of compressive residual stresses of a diaphragm made of hardened martensitic (APX4) steel. 68 Transformation of RA also causes significant influence on the magnitude of residual stresses. Surberg et al 70 have investigated the variation of residual stress with the depth of carburised 21NiCrMo2 steel specimens subjected to CHT, SCT and DCT, and have shown that SCT provides the maximum compressive stress in the case region.…”

“…1,89 On the microstructural modification by cryotreatment Scientific investigations by now have established that cryotreatment can substantially improve the desirable properties and performance of tool steels. The improvements in the properties by cryotreatment have been attributed to one or combinations of the following microstructural alterations: (i) more complete transformation of austenite to martensite, 9,33,[68][69][70][71]79,90 (ii) alteration in the lattice parameters of the martensite like reduction in its tetragonality, 34,35,91 (ii) preferential precipitation of transition η-carbides, 73 (iii) precipitation of nano-sized carbide particles 92 and/or formation of nano-sized martensite particles, 58,60 and (iv) alterations in the decomposition of martensite leading to enhanced precipitation of refined SCs with more homogeneous distribution. 47,53,74,79,81,[93][94][95][96] Meng et al 73 have inferred that DCT promotes preferential precipitation of fine η-carbides (also referred to as ε ′ (ε), Fe 2 C, orthorhombic 97 ) instead of ε-carbide (Fe 2.4 C, hexagonal closed packed) which is responsible for simultaneous improvement in hardness and toughness, and, in turn, enhances WR of D2 steel.…”