Studies of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism

Bauer, Walter; Aub, Joseph C.; Albright, Fuller

doi:10.1084/jem.49.1.145

Cited by 267 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A decline in the concentration of calcium in bone following birth has been described in several species including domestic cats (Felis catus), domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), Norway rats, and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) (Bauer et al 1929;Slater and Widdowson 1962), and in the diaphysis of the human femur. Although the decline in bone calcium can be prevented by supplemental calcium, at least in young cats (Slater and Widdowson 1962), this decrease should be considered a normal developmental process that is reversed later in life.…”

Section: Body Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is tissue maturation necessary for flight? Changes in body composition during postnatal development in the big brown bat

2010

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Patterns of oVspring development reXect the availability of energy and nutrients, limitations on an individual's capacity to use available resources, and tradeoVs between the use of nutrients to support current metabolic demands and tissue growth. To determine if the long period of oVspring dependency in bats is associated with the need for an advanced state of tissue maturation prior to Xight, we examined body composition during postnatal growth in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Despite their large size at birth (22% of maternal mass), newborn bats are relatively immature, containing 82% body water in fat-free mass. However, the total body water content of newborn bat pups decreases to near-adult levels in advance of weaning, while concentrations of total body fat and protein exceed adult values. In contrast to many other mammals, postnatal growth of bat pups was characterized by relatively stable concentrations of calcium and phosphorus, but declining concentrations of magnesium. These levels remained stable or rebounded in late postnatal development. This casts doubt on the hypothesis that low rates of mineral transfer necessitate an extended lactation period in bats. However, our Wnding of near-adult body composition at weaning is consistent with the hypothesis that extended lactation in bats is necessary for the young to achieve suYcient tissue maturity to undertake the active Xight necessary for independent feeding. In this respect, bats diVer from most other mammals but resemble birds that must engage in active Xight to achieve nutritional independence.

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Section: Body Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is tissue maturation necessary for flight? Changes in body composition during postnatal development in the big brown bat

2010

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“…This has been described by Hueper (48) and occurs characteristically in the lungs, gastric mucosa and kidneys. As one might predict from the negative calcium balance, long continued administration of parathyroid extract results in decalcification of the bones, a phenomenon which has been studied from the histological point of view by Bauer, Aub and Albright (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Functional Pathology of Hyper-Parathyroidism

Bulger¹,

Dixon²,

Barr³

et al. 1930

J. Clin. Invest.

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For many years a few physicians have conceived of a condition the direct opposite of parathyroid tetany. Lundborg (53) and later Chvostek (21) believed this was manifest in myasthenia gravis but clinical observations did not confirm their belief. It was not until the use of Colip's (23) active parathyroid extract in animals had indicated the symptoms of such a state that hyperparathyroidism was recognizable as a clinical syndrome. It is now known that it constitutes a picture of disease as clearly defined as hyperthyroidism and follows closely the abnormalities which may be produced by parathyroid extract in animals. The literature and clinical features have been discussed in another paper (2).Many facts concerning functional abnormalities in hyperparathyroidism have already been determined. Colip (23) has shown that the various well-known manifestations following removal of the parathyroid gland are reversed after the parenteral administration of parathyroid extract. No longer is the theory tenable that the fall in serum calcium after parathyroidectomy is but a secondary phenomenon. Active extracts will prevent it and by raising the serum calcium entirely relieve the symptoms. Extracts readily cause an increase in the serum calcium in normal animals. It seems obvious now that the parathyroid glands are concerned with the regulation of the calcium concentration in the blood. They appear as an essential component in one of those remarkable regulatory mechanisms characteristic of the higher animals. The constancy of the serunrcalcium even under many of the most abnormal conditions is worthy of special emphasis. Although an increase in serum phosphate is typical of parathyroid tetany a reduction has not commonly been found in experiments in which parathyroid intoxication was rapidly produced. Robinson, Huffman and Burt (62), however, report a reduction in the serum phosphate of calves receiving parathyroid extract. Greenwald and Gross 143 HYPERPARATHYROIDISM (39) and later other investigators have definitely shown that effective parenteral administration of parathyroid extract causes an increased excretion and especially an increased urinary excretion of both calcium and phosphorus, phenomena quite the reverse of those following parathyroidectomy. A change in the tone and irritability of muscles which might be considered the opposite of tetany is suggested in the hypotonia often noted in animals with hypercalcemia. Berman (9) using galvanic currents has demonstrated a definite decrease in the electrical response in the peroneal nerve of normal dogs after a moderate increase of serum calcium produced by parathormone. These The following study of the functional pathology of the disease was started in April 1928, and has been continued to the present time. It will indicate the abnormalities encountered and will emphasize factors to be considered in diagnosis and treatment. MIETHODS OF STUDYThe patients with hyperparathyroidism were studied in the Metabolism Division of Barnes Hospital. Their diets were prepared in ...

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“…The reason for this may well lie in the large amount of calcium readily available for utilization in times of need, such as occurs on our diet inadequate in calcium. This storehouse in the trabeculae, described by Bauer, Aub and Albright (10), apparently exists in all the diseases here studied, and is available for the liberation or storage of calcium. The method determining calcium exchange, therefore, does not necessarily disclose abnormalities which might be occurring in one part of the skeleton, as there is this compensatory mechanism still present in other bones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Studies of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism

Aub

Farquharson²

1932

J. Clin. Invest.

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The bones may well be looked upon as a storehouse for calcium and phosphorus, readily available for the body needs for fixed base. The demands upon this supply can readily be determined if a carefully controlled diet inadequate in calcium is administered. Under such conditions the normal excretion of calcium remains fairly constant, and a comparison with disease states may readily be undertaken.For several years this laboratory has systematically studied the calcium and phosphorus exchange in numerous pathological conditions. In the course of these studies various diseases have been investigated and are to be published (1, 2, 3).We have also had the opportunity to investigate many interesting diseases in which a disturbance of bone metabolism might well be expected. Some of these isolated cases are here brought together and this paper, therefore, demonstrates the metabolic need of calcium and phosphorus in various bone abnormalities as well as in gout and chronic hepatitis with jaundice. EXPERIMENTAL METHODSThe patients were, with one exception, studied in the metabolism ward at the Massachusetts General Hospital. The careful management and routine used there for the preparation of accurate diets and for the collections of urine and feces has already been fully described (4). The periods used here were of three days' duration, and the feces were divided by the appearance of carmine. The methods of analysis for calcium and phosphorus were those of Fiske (5) and the nitrogen determinations were made by Kjeldahl method. In order to determine the endogenous need for calcium the patients received our usual neutral diet, which is inadequate only in calcium. In nine normal control subjects on similar neutral diets, the excretion of calcium averaged 186 mgm. in the urine and 386 mgm. in the feces per period.A. DISEASES AFFECTING THE SKELETON Secondary carcinoma involving bone In the course of studies on the effect of lead therapy upon cancer growth, observations were also made upon the calcium and phosphorus 235

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Studies of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism

Cited by 267 publications

References 5 publications

Is tissue maturation necessary for flight? Changes in body composition during postnatal development in the big brown bat

Is tissue maturation necessary for flight? Changes in body composition during postnatal development in the big brown bat

The Functional Pathology of Hyper-Parathyroidism

Studies of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism

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