Studies of Antibiotic Production by Cave Bacteria

Montaño, Elizabeth T.; Henderson, Lory O.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5206-5_6

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A bilayer plate assay was modified from Montano and Henderson for testing antibiotic production (71). The results were a zone of inhibition measurement around a precise bacterial streak void of fungal growth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity

Hamm

Caimi

Northup

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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At least two-thirds of commercial antibiotics today are derived from Actinobacteria, more specifically from the genus Streptomyces. Antibiotic resistance and new emerging diseases pose great challenges in the field of microbiology. Cave systems, in which actinobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant, represent new opportunities for the discovery of novel bacterial species and the study of their interactions with emergent pathogens. White-nose syndrome is an invasive bat disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which has killed more than six million bats in the last 7 years. In this study, we isolated naturally occurring actinobacteria from white-nose syndrome (WNS)-free bats from five cave systems and surface locations in the vicinity in New Mexico and Arizona, USA. We sequenced the 16S rRNA region and tested 632 isolates from 12 different bat species using a bilayer plate method to evaluate antifungal activity. Thirty-six actinobacteria inhibited or stopped the growth of P. destructans, with 32 (88.9%) actinobacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces. Isolates in the genera Rhodococcus, Streptosporangium, Luteipulveratus, and Nocardiopsis also showed inhibition. Twenty-five of the isolates with antifungal activity against P. destructans represent 15 novel Streptomyces spp. based on multilocus sequence analysis. Our results suggest that bats in western North America caves possess novel bacterial microbiota with the potential to inhibit P. destructans. IMPORTANCE This study reports the largest collection of actinobacteria from bats with activity against Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal causative agent of white-nose syndrome. Using multigene analysis, we discovered 15 potential novel species. This research demonstrates that bats and caves may serve as a rich reservoir for novel Streptomyces species with antimicrobial bioactive compounds.KEYWORDS Actinobacteria, bats, caves, Pseudogymnoascus, Streptomyces, white-nose syndrome P resently, 90% of antibiotics are derived from microorganisms within the phylum Actinobacteria (1-3). The family Streptomycetaceae is particularly known for the production of chitinases capable of hydrolyzing the cell wall (4) and targeting ergosterol in the cell membrane of fungi (5). The rapid development of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of infectious diseases in humans and other animals, including bats and amphibians, have prompted the study of the bacterial microbiome and use for probiotic treatment in vertebrates (6, 7).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity

Hamm

Caimi

Northup

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Cave habitat is the important factor affecting bacteria survival, as a result of which, different bacterial communities were found in various niches in cave environments [49]. The observed divergent compositional structure and diversity of bacterial communities in different extreme cave environments might be due to the differences in cave environments, sampling mediums, and analysis methods, to a certain extent [50].…”

Section: Composition Of Bacterial Community In Different Sample Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence pattern and function prediction of bacterial community in Karst cave

Dong

Gao

et al. 2020

BMC Microbiol

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Background: Karst caves are considered as extreme environments with nutrition deficiency, darkness, and oxygen deprivation, and they are also the sources of biodiversity and metabolic pathways. Microorganisms are usually involved in the formation and maintenance of the cave system through various metabolic activities, and are indicators of changes environment influenced by human. Zhijin cave is a typical Karst cave and attracts tourists in China. However, the bacterial diversity and composition of the Karst cave are still unclear. The present study aims to reveal the bacterial diversity and composition in the cave and the potential impact of tourism activities, and better understand the roles and co-occurrence pattern of the bacterial community in the extreme cave habitats. Results: The bacterial community consisted of the major Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, with Proteobacteria being the predominant phylum in the rock, soil, and stalactite samples. Compositions and specialized bacterial phyla of the bacterial communities were different among different sample types. The highest diversity index was found in the rock samples with a Shannon index of 4.71. Overall, Zhijin cave has relatively lower diversity than that in natural caves. The prediction of function showed that various enzymes, including ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase, nitrogenase NifH, and Nitrite reductase, involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles were detected in Zhijin cave. Additionally, the modularity indices of all co-occurrence network were greater than 0.40 and the species interactions were complex across different sample types. Cooccurring positive interactions in the bacteria groups in different phyla were also observed. Conclusion: These results uncovered that the oligotrophic Zhijin cave maintains the bacterial communities with the diverse metabolic pathways, interdependent and cooperative coexistence patterns. Moreover, as a hotspot for tourism, the composition and diversity of bacterial community are influenced by tourism activities. These afford new insights for further exploring the adaptation of bacteria to extreme environments and the conservation of cave ecosystem.

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“…To assess the inhibition of L. monocytogenes by the bioinoculants, cross streak assay was performed (Montano and Henderson, 2013). This assay was done on TSA plates with three different strengths (full strength TSA, 1/10th TSA, and 1/100th TSA).…”

Section: Cross Streak Assay Of Bioinoculants With L Monocytogenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Biocontrol Activity of Bioinoculants Against a Human Pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes

et al. 2020

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Studies of Antibiotic Production by Cave Bacteria

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity

Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity

Co-occurrence pattern and function prediction of bacterial community in Karst cave

Evidence of Biocontrol Activity of Bioinoculants Against a Human Pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes

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