Studies of antepartum behavioral state in the human fetus at term

Timor‐Tritsch, Ilan E.; Dierker, LeRoy J.; Hertz, Roger H.; Deagan, Naomi C.; Rosen, Mortimer G.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90747-0

Cited by 126 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…When the results of this study are compared with those of Timor-Tritsch et al (18), who distinguished between quiet and active states on the basis of visual analysis of FHR baseline and variability in relation to fetal movements, an interesting resemblance emerges. The mean duration of the quiet state in the latter study was 22.8 min compared with a mean duration of 24.9 min spent in HVSA in the present study.…”

Section: Real-time Spectral Analysis Of the Fetal Eegmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The presence of behavioral states in the human fetus was previously suggested on the basis of FHR patterns, fetal movements, and, when present, the regularity or irregularity of fetal breathing movements (18). In a more comprehensive study that also included fetal eye movements in the classification criteria, behavioral states similar to those in the neonate were shown to exist in the human fetus (19).…”

Section: Real-time Spectral Analysis Of the Fetal Eegmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Real-Time Spectral Analysis of the Fetal EEG: A New Approach to Monitoring Sleep States and Fetal Condition during Labor

2000

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Adverse perinatal events affecting cerebral functions are a major cause of neonatal mortality, morbidity, and long-term neurologic deficit. Intrapartum fetal EEG, which records fetal brain electrical activity, provides a monitoring modality for evaluating the fetal CNS during labor. In this study, we describe a new approach to such monitoring that is based on real-time spectral analysis of the fetal EEG during labor. Fourteen pregnant women with uncomplicated term pregnancies who went into labor participated in the study. Two suction-cup electrodes were applied to the fetal scalp at the occipitoparietal or parietal region after rupture of membranes. Real-time spectral analysis was used to determine the frequency and amplitude of the fetal EEG signal. The spectral edge frequency (SEF) was calculated as the frequency below which 90% of the power in the power spectrum resides. The average EEG amplitude and the SEF were displayed using the density spectral array technique. Fetal heart rate and intrauterine pressure were also measured. Two fundamental EEG patterns were identified: high-voltage slow activity and lowvoltage fast activity. The SEF was found to be an excellent index of cyclic EEG activity. Fetal heart rate demonstrated increased variability and an elevated baseline during low-voltage fast activity, whereas both parameters decreased during high-voltage slow activity. During episodes of variable decelerations in the fetal heart rate, a decrease in the SEF was observed, accompanied by an increased EEG voltage. The results obtained substantiate the presence of sleep cycles in the human fetus. This kind of cortical activity monitoring may enable rapid alertness to cerebral hypoxia and allow for prompt intervention, thereby decreasing the risk for birth asphyxia and subsequent brain damage. Abbreviations SEF, spectral edge frequency DSA, density spectral array FHR, fetal heart rate IUP, intrauterine pressure HVSA, high-voltage slow activity LVFA, low-voltage fast activity Normal function of the fetal CNS is of paramount importance to the quality of life after birth. Methods for assessing the normality or abnormality of the CNS function before birth are required to perform this sort of fetal evaluation. Fetal EEG, which records fetal brain electrical activity, can be used to measure CNS function. Methods for continuous monitoring of the fetal EEG were previously described, both in mature and premature fetuses (1, 2). Various EEG patterns were recognized, both transient and nontransient, that were found to be associated with intrapartum events and also with neurologic abnormalities at 1 y of age (3, 4). These observations were based on visual analysis of the fetal EEG records, which presented many methodologic as well as interpretative problems, precluding clinical acceptance of this monitoring modality. In recent years, automated methods for EEG scoring and coding for EEG states have been proposed (5-8). Such methods are objective and offer greater consistency of pattern recognition while facilitating processin...

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Section: Real-time Spectral Analysis Of the Fetal Eegmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Real-time Spectral Analysis Of the Fetal Eegmentioning

confidence: 93%

Real-Time Spectral Analysis of the Fetal EEG: A New Approach to Monitoring Sleep States and Fetal Condition during Labor

2000

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“…The fetal state of sleep-arousal was judged as described by JUNGE [6]. NREM sleep occurred when the oscillation amplitude in the CTG was smaller than in the two other states and when there was no fetal movement [15] (Fig.4). Entry into the phase of REM sleep was considered to occur when larger oscillation amplitudes and irregularly occurring accelerations, caused by fetal body movements, were registered (Figs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal response to external mechanical stimuli

Issel¹

1983

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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“…After birth, behavioral states refer to both sleep and awake periods, and have been well described in terms of associated changes in physiologic variables such as electroencephalograms (EEG), muscle tone, eye movements, respira tory rhythm, body movements and heart rate variability. From earlier reports it appears that the developing analogs of state may be identified in the fetus [1], Definitive descrip tions of sleeping and waking periods of hu man fetuses have not been possible because of the 'isolated' location of the fetus. How ever, in utero fetal activity may provide an opportunity to look at the primitive analogs of behavioral state classification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations of cyclic human fetal activ ity based on heart rate variability and fetal movement (FM) criteria in our laboratory have demonstrated that the normal term fe tus has alternating active and quiet periods of time which resemble active and quiet sleep cycles in the newborn [1], A more recent comparison of patterns of fetal activity be-tween fetuses of 28-30 weeks and at 38-40 weeks gestation, demonstrate a significant difference in both the number of active and quiet periods observed per hour, and in the length of those active and quiet periods [2],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Gestational Age and Fetal Activity Periods

Dierker¹,

Rosen²,

Pillay³

et al. 1982

Neonatology

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Cyclic patterns of active and quiet fetal activity were evaluated in 36 clinically normal gravidas between 27 and 42 weeks of gestation. All infants were subsequently delivered between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation, were clinically normal and of appropriate weight for gestational age. Active-quiet cycles occurred less frequently and were of longer duration with increasing gestational age. Regression analysis of the number of active-quiet cycles with gestational age yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.52 (p < 0.01). The similarity of fetal active-quiet cycles and active and quiet sleep cycles observed after birth is noted.

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Studies of antepartum behavioral state in the human fetus at term

Cited by 126 publications

References 10 publications

Real-Time Spectral Analysis of the Fetal EEG: A New Approach to Monitoring Sleep States and Fetal Condition during Labor

Real-Time Spectral Analysis of the Fetal EEG: A New Approach to Monitoring Sleep States and Fetal Condition during Labor

Fetal response to external mechanical stimuli

Correlation between Gestational Age and Fetal Activity Periods

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