Studies in the Morphogenesis of Leaves

Ashby, Eric

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1948.tb05098.x

Cited by 136 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Flowering time can diversify rapidly in annuals such as C. hirsuta, so this coordinated regulation of leaf shape and flowering time by ChFLC may provide a mechanism for trait integration that anchors vegetative growth to reproduction to optimize resource allocation to seeds (48). Similar examples were reported as early as 1944 in cotton (54,55), where early flowering genotypes developed leaves with increased complexity, and our work provides a framework to interpret these results from diverse taxa. However, heteroblasty can be uncoupled from reproduction in other examples (56), and early flowering can be associated with decreased, rather that increased, leaf complexity (57).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Heterochrony underpins natural variation inCardamine hirsutaleaf form

Cartolano

Pieper

Lempe

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A key problem in biology is whether the same processes underlie morphological variation between and within species. Here, by using plant leaves as an example, we show that the causes of diversity at these two evolutionary scales can be divergent. Some species like the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have simple leaves, whereas others like the A. thaliana relative Cardamine hirsuta bear complex leaves comprising leaflets. Previous work has shown that these interspecific differences result mostly from variation in local tissue growth and patterning. Now, by cloning and characterizing a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for C. hirsuta leaf shape, we find that a different process, age-dependent progression of leaf form, underlies variation in this trait within species. This QTL effect is caused by cisregulatory variation in the floral repressor ChFLC, such that genotypes with low-expressing ChFLC alleles show both early flowering and accelerated age-dependent changes in leaf form, including faster leaflet production. We provide evidence that this mechanism coordinates leaf development with reproductive timing and may help to optimize resource allocation to the next generation.Cardamine hirsuta | natural variation | compound leaf | heterochrony | Flowering Locus C

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Heterochrony underpins natural variation inCardamine hirsutaleaf form

Cartolano

Pieper

Lempe

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Therefore, vertical patterns in leaf morphology result from vertical changes in environmental conditions generated by the growing plant. Conversely, some heteroblastic species show consistent heteroblastic changes regardless of the conditions plants experience during developement (e.g., Hedera helix; see Ashby 1948;Wells & Pigliucci 2000). Results reported here are similar to a larger number of studies illustrating that heteroblasty results from a combination of programmed developmental changes and phenotypic plasticity (Jones 1995;Watson et al 1995;Winn 1996a,b;James & Bell 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Heteroblasty could follow a rigid developmental programme, with consistent changes in leaf morphology occurring regardless of the conditions plants experience during development (see Ashby 1948;Wells & Pigliucci 2000). Conversely, heteroblasty could be generated entirely by plastic responses of individual leaves to environmental conditions (Sultan 2000;Zwieniecki et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic heteroblasty in beach groundsel (Senecio lautus)

Burns¹

2005

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Senecio lautus (Asteraceae) is a heteroblastic herb that produces entire juvenile leaves and lobed adult leaves. Juveniles commonly grow from rock fissures where they are shaded and sheltered from high winds, whereas adult plants are exposed to high light and wind as they outgrow these refuges. Because the duration each plant is sheltered varies with the depth of rock fissures, I hypothesised that heteroblasty in S. lautus varies plastically in response to environmental conditions. I tested this hypothesis in a glasshouse experiment, which exposed developing plants to different light and wind conditions. Plants grown in windy conditions showed similar ontogenetic changes in leaf morphology to plants growing in a control treatment. However, the juvenile-adult transition was slowed in shaded conditions, indicating that heteroblasty in S. lautus varies plastically in response to light. Results were therefore consistent with the hypothesis that plastic heteroblasty is favoured in species that experience unpredictable environmental gradients during ontogeny.

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“…Previous studies in this series (Ashby, 1948 a, b;Ashby, Wangermann & Winter, 1949;Ashby& Wangermann, 19500,6;Wangermann & Ashby, 1950) have been concerned with some of the morphological differences between old and young leaves on the same plant. Among other results, these studies have established that leaf morphology is influenced not only by the environment, but that also, when the influence of the environment is eliminated, there still remain morphological differences between successive leaves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%