Studies in the Metabolism of Crassulacean Plants: Changes in the Composition of Bryophyllum calycinum During Growth

Pucher, George W.; Leavenworth, Charles S.; Ginter, Wanda D.; Vickery, Hubert Bradford

doi:10.1104/pp.22.1.1

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Figure 11 leaf. It will be noted that, in this series of plants, the malic acid considerably exceeded the isocitric acid, a condition unlike that encountered in the plants described in the previous paper of this series (8). The difference arose as a result of the time of day at which the plants were harvested.…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 44%

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Studies in the Metabolism of Crassulacean Plants; The Effect upon the Composition of Bryophyllum calycinum of the Form in which Nitrogen is Supplied

et al. 1947

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In general, the experimental procedure used to determiine the availability of nitrate or ammonium ions to plants has involved culture solutions that provide but one of the two ions. In experiments of this sort in recent years, care has been taken to maintain the pH of the solution within a range found appropriate for absorption by plants. The work in this field by Dr. J. W. SHIVE and his associates at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station has been outstanding; TIEDJENS and ROBBINS (11), for example, have shown that tomato and soybean plants grown at pH 7.9 in ammonium salt culture solution, or at pH 4.0 in nitrate solution, were almost equally well developed.The effect upon the detailed chemical composition of tomato plants grown under the two conditions has been studied in this laboratory by CLARK (2), who observed that the organic acid content of leaves and stalks was greatly depressed in plants grown in ammonium salt solution as compared with those grown in nitrate solution. Protein and several soluble nitrogenlous components were, on the other hand, increased in the plants grown on amiimonium salts, the production of glutamine in particular being enormously stimulated. Detailed comparison of the effects of the two different nutrient conditions was made difficult, however, by the fact that the plants grown with ammonium salts were much smaller than those grown with nitrate, although both were setting fruit at the time of harvest.In order to follow more closely the effect upon tissue composition of nitrate versus ammonium salt nutrition, it is desirable to grow the plants in a series of culture solutions of similar over-all composition, but with the relative proportion of nitrate to ammonium ions varied in regular steps from all-nitrate nitrogen to all-ammonium nitrogen. Such an experiment 205www.plantphysiol.org on May 7, 2018 -Published by Downloaded from

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Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…The conventions that have been used in calculating the composition have been described in the previous paper of this series (8).…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in the Metabolism of Crassulacean Plants; The Effect upon the Composition of Bryophyllum calycinum of the Form in which Nitrogen is Supplied

et al. 1947

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“…This consistently high activity of malic acid confirms it as the key organic acid in the metabolism of many plants. The extensive studies of VICKERY, PUCHER, and coworkers (17,25,26) also have led to the conclusion that malic acid is metabolically most active of the organic acids normally analysed. Oxalic acid occupies the position of the least active acid.…”

Section: Preliminary Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis and Metabolism of Organic Acids in Higher Plants

1951

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“…They had been transplanted to sand in pots February 15, 1949, and were grown with the culture solution previously described (2). The samples of leaflets were collected July 28 by the statistical method (8), the upper three pairs of fully developed opposite leaves (five leaflets each) from 20 plants being taken to provide 10 samples each of 60 leaflets.…”

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The Behavior of Isocitric Acid in Excised Leaves of Bryophyllum Calycinum During Culture in Alternating Light and Darkness

Vickery

1952

Plant Physiol.

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In an earlier study of the diurnal variation of organic acids and starch in excised leaves of Bryophyllum calycinum (3), it was observed that the quantity of isocitric acid present did not change significantly during a threeday period of culture in water under greenhouse conditions of illumination. Because of the contrast between the behavior of this substance and that of malic and citric acids, it seemed essential to repeat the experiment under even more carefully controlled conditions and to employ improvements in the method for the determination of isocitric acid which have now become available (1). The outcome has been a confirmation of the earlier experiment. The changes in the quantity of isocitric acid in Bryophyllum leaves exposed to normal diurnal alternations of light and darkness, if significant at all, are scarcely in excess of the combined errors involved in the sampling and in the method of determination.Experimental procedure The plants were propagated from the same clone used in earlier work. They had been transplanted to sand in pots February 15, 1949, and were grown with the culture solution previously described (2). The samples of leaflets were collected July 28 by the statistical method (8), the upper three pairs of fully developed opposite leaves (five leaflets each) from 20 plants being taken to provide 10 samples each of 60 leaflets. Collection was begun at 4 A.M. (standard time) and all samples were in position in the culture troughs with the petioles in water by 5:30. Sunrise occurred at 4:43 A.M., sunset at 7:14 P.M. Zero time was taken at 5:00 A.M. when the control sample was placed in the drying oven.The troughs were set up in a greenhouse under white parachute cloth shade. During the first day, there was a slight haze in the morning and light cloud was present in the early afternoon; the temperature reached 330 C and the humidity was high. The second day was clear save for a little cloudiness near noon and the maximum temperature was 360 C. The effect of the cloth shade was to diffuse the light but the intensity was of the order of 1600 to 2000 foot-candles throughout most of both days.Samples were removed at times selected to give information on the rates of change of the organic acids and starch during the day and night periods. They were dried at 800 C, broken up and equilibrated at 240 C and 50% relative humidity before being finally ground in a Wiley mill for analysis, and were then stored in closed bottles in the air-conditioned room.

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Studies in the Metabolism of Crassulacean Plants: Changes in the Composition of Bryophyllum calycinum During Growth

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Studies in the Metabolism of Crassulacean Plants; The Effect upon the Composition of Bryophyllum calycinum of the Form in which Nitrogen is Supplied

Studies in the Metabolism of Crassulacean Plants; The Effect upon the Composition of Bryophyllum calycinum of the Form in which Nitrogen is Supplied

Photosynthesis and Metabolism of Organic Acids in Higher Plants

The Behavior of Isocitric Acid in Excised Leaves of Bryophyllum Calycinum During Culture in Alternating Light and Darkness

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