Studies in Resuscitation: I. The General Conditions Affecting Resuscitation, and the Resuscitation of the Blood and of the Heart

Pike, F. H.; Guthrie, C. C.; Stewart, G. W.

doi:10.1084/jem.10.3.371

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…While no studies exist comparing outcomes in OC-CPR and CC-CPR in humans there are many performed on dogs echoing the findings of Pike et al showing the superior hemodynamics, higher success rate in achieving ROSC, improved cerebral perfusion and superior outcomes in dogs receiving OC-CPR compared to CC-CPR [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Disclosurementioning

confidence: 96%

Open chest CPR in non-traumatic cardiac arrest: A case report and review of the literature

Lundgren¹,

Sh²,

Ar³

et al. 2017

Trauma Emerg Care

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Section: Disclosurementioning

confidence: 96%

Open chest CPR in non-traumatic cardiac arrest: A case report and review of the literature

Lundgren¹,

Sh²,

Ar³

et al. 2017

Trauma Emerg Care

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“…The amount of these toxic substances need not necessarily be great enough to affect distant normal nerve cells because of their presence in the blood. This idea is not incompatible with what has been observed regarding toxins in the blood of the resuscitated animals (22). In cats that die as a result of prolonged cerebral anzemia, many hours after the restoration of the blood supply, the cells are shrunken and irregular in outline, and the pericellular lymph spaces are relatively wider.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

The Histological Changes in Nerve Cells Due to Total Temporary Anæmia of the Central Nervous System

Gomez

Pike

1909

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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With the return of the circulation, dilation of the pericellular lymph space and slight swelling of the cell body occurs, disappearing as recovery progresses. Chromatolysis, as evidenced by poor affinity for stains, clumping, diffuse staining, and breaking into dust-like particles, induced by anæmia, is not necessarily fatal. Death of the cell is not shown histologically when tissue is removed and fixed immediately after the experiment. Some time must elapse for the detection of the vacuolation, displacement of the nucleus and solution of the chromatic substance, indicative of profound changes. Neurones from different regions as well as neurones of the same region differ in degree of resistance to anæmia. The small pyramidal cells are the most susceptible, and then come the Purkinje cells, cells of the medulla oblongata, retina, cervical cord, lumbar cord, spinal ganglia and, most resistant of all, the sympathetic ganglion cells. Failure to resuscitate animals after anæmia of the central nervous system is probably due to the destruction of many of the cells of the vital centers (vaso-motor and respiratory) which do not have histological peculiarities by which they may be defined. Death, however, of a few cells of any center does not necessarily mean the total loss of function of that center, since the remaining cells may be sufficient to discharge the function of the center.

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“…Device Findings in the mechanical CPR group Pike (1908) a, 21 Rudimental compression machine for internal/ external cardiac massage No benefit; less effective when applied internally Taylor (1978) 24 Pneumatic device (Thumper) No difference in survival Ward (1993) 25 Pneumatic device (Thumper) No difference in survival but improvement in ETCO2 Dickinson (1998) 26 Pneumatic device (Thumper) No difference in survival but improvement in ETCO2 Mauer (1996) 42 Active compression-decompression CPR (CardioPump) No difference in either survival or neurological outcome Luiz (1996) 46 Active compression-decompression CPR (CardioPump) No difference in survival Plaisance (1999) 41 Active compression-decompression CPR (CardioPump) Improved survival and trend for better neurological outcome Arntz (2001) 50 Active compression-decompression CPR (Lifestick) No difference in survival Hallstrom (2006) 33 Load-distributing band device (Auto-Pulse CPR) Worse neurological outcome and trend toward worse survival Wang (2007) 28 Pneumatic device (Thumper) Reduced no-chest compression intervals Wik (2014) 23 Load-distributing band device (Auto-Pulse CPR) No difference in survival Rubertsson (2014) 52 Active compression-decompression CPR (LUCAS) No difference in survival Perkins (2015) 53 Active compression-decompression CPR (LUCAS) No difference in survival Günaydın (2016) b, 48 Active compression-decompression CPR higher rate of adequate compressions and decreased total hands-off time as compared to manual CPR in pre-hospital cardiac arrest scenarios. 51 Successively, two large trials on OHCA patients, the LUCAS in Cardiac Arrest (LINC) and the Prehospital Randomised Assessment of a Mechanical Compression Device in Cardiac Arrest (PARAMEDIC) trials, found no benefit for mechanical CPR over manual CPR in terms of both early and late survival.…”

Section: First Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since sternal compressions are localized and not coupled with any active mechanic decompression, the potential efficacy of these devices mostly hinges on the pathophysiological hypotheses underlying the cardiac pump theory, under the assumption that the mechanical piston could allow a better compression of the left and right ventricle when compared to manual CPR. The first attempt of a piston device was made in 1908 by Pike et al., 21 who observed no benefit as compared with manual methods. During the successive decades, several devices of this type were proposed.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Chest Compression Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow maintenance by cardiac massage during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Classical theories, newer hypotheses, and clinical utility of mechanical devices

Cipani

Bartolozzi

Ballo

et al. 2018

Journal of the Intensive Care Society

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The mechanisms by which closed chest cardiac massage produces and maintains blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are still debated. To date, two main theories exist: the ''cardiac pump'', which assumes that blood flow is driven by direct cardiac compression and the ''chest pump'', which hypothesizes that blood flow is caused by changes in intrathoracic pressure. Newer hypotheses including the ''atrial pump'', the ''lung pump'', and the ''respiratory pump'' were also proposed. We reviewed studies supporting these different theories as well as the clinical evidences on the utility of mechanical devices proposed to optimize cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in view of their pathophysiological assumptions with regard to the underlying theory. On the basis of current evidence, a single theory is probably not sufficient to explain how cardiac massage produces blood flow. This suggests that different simultaneous mechanism might be involved. The relative importance of these mechanisms depends on several factors, including delay from collapse to starting of resuscitation, compression force and rate, body habitus, airway pressure, and presenting electrocardiogram. The complexity of the physiologic events occurring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, together with the need of adequate training for a correct and prompt utilization of mechanical devices, might also partially explain the disappointing results of these devices in most clinical studies.

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Studies in Resuscitation: I. The General Conditions Affecting Resuscitation, and the Resuscitation of the Blood and of the Heart

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Open chest CPR in non-traumatic cardiac arrest: A case report and review of the literature

Open chest CPR in non-traumatic cardiac arrest: A case report and review of the literature

The Histological Changes in Nerve Cells Due to Total Temporary Anæmia of the Central Nervous System

Blood flow maintenance by cardiac massage during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Classical theories, newer hypotheses, and clinical utility of mechanical devices

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