Studies in Pedogenesis in New South Wales

Costin, A. B.; Hallsworth, E. G.; Woof, Marion

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1952.tb00643.x

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…While these soils have been previously noted for a distinctive lack of visual evidence of podzolization (Costin et al, 1952;McKenzie et al, 2004), subtle podsolization is however apparent in the ultra-high resolution trace element data presented here.…”

Section: Industrial Metals In Soilscontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…The soils are also noteworthy in that they contain a high proportion of dust transported from the MDB (Costin et al, 1952;Johnston, 2001;Marx et al, 2011). This is of significance in the context of this study because industrial metals are enriched in dusts (Marx et al, 2008;Marx et al, 2014b), implying that high concentrations of industrial metals may be present in the soils of the Snowy Mountains.…”

Section: Physical Settingmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Sc, Ti, Ga and Ta) in the base of the profiles arise from the unusual way alpine soils form in the Snowy Mountains. They are fed, at least in part, by dust deposition (Costin et al, 1952;Marx et al, 2011;McKenzie et al, 2004), the rates of input of which may exceed rates of physical and chemical weathering.…”

Section: Industrial Metals In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This variability is presumably due to weathering/erosion loss in parts of the soil profile versus input of aeolian dust in the upper profile (Costin et al, 1952;Marx et al, 2011). Despite this difficultly, there is evidence of industrial metal enrichment in the soils.…”

Section: Industrial Metals In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A landscape-scale approach to examining the fate of atmospherically derived industrial metals in the surficial environment

Stromsoe

Marx

McGowan

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Industrial metals are now ubiquitous within the atmosphere and their deposition represents a potential source of contamination to surficial environments. Few studies, however, have examined the environmental fate of atmospheric industrial metals within different surface environments. In this study, patterns of accumulation of atmospherically transported industrial metals were investigated within the surface environments of the Snowy Mountains, Australia. Metals, including Pb, Sb, Cr and Mo, were enriched in aerosols collected in the Snowy Mountains by 3.5-50 times pre-industrial concentrations. In sedimentary environments (soils, lakes and reservoirs) metals showed varying degrees of enrichment. Differences were attributed to the relative degree of atmospheric input, metal sensitivity to enrichment, catchment area and metal behaviour following deposition. In settings where atmospheric deposition dominated (ombrotrophic peat mires in the upper parts of catchments), metal enrichment patterns most closely resembled those in collected aerosols. However, even in these environments significant dilution (by 5-7 times) occurred. The most sensitive industrial metals (those with the lowest natural concentration; Cd, Ag, Sb and Mo) were enriched throughout the studied environments. However, in alpine tarn-lakes no other metals were enriched, due to the dilution of pollutantmetals by catchment derived sediment. In reservoirs, which were located lower within catchments, industrial metals exhibited more complex patterns. Particle reactive metals (e.g. Pb) displayed little enrichment, implying that they were retained up catchment, whereas more soluble metals (e.g., Cu and Zn) showed evidence of concentration. These same metals (Cu and Zn) were depleted in soils, implying that they are preferentially transported through catchments. Enrichment of other metals (e.g. Cd) varied between reservoirs as a function of contributing catchment area. Overall this study showed that the fate of atmospherically derived metals is complex, and depends upon metal behaviour and geomorphic processes operating at landscape scales. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication DetailsStromsoe, N., Marx, S. K., McGowan, H. A., Callow, N., Heijnis, H. & Zawadzki, A. (2015). A landscape-scale approach to examining the fate of atmospherically derived industrial metals in the surficial environment. However, in alpine tarn-lakes no other metals were enriched, due to the dilution of pollutantmetals by catchment derived sediment. In reservoirs, which were located lower within catchments, industrial metals exhibited more complex patterns. Particle reactive metals (e.g. Pb) displayed little enrichment, implying they were retained up catchment, whereas more soluble metals (e.g., Cu and Zn) showed evidence of concentration. These same metals (Cu and Zn) were depleted in soils, implying they are preferentially transported through catchments. Enrichment of other metals (e.g. Cd) varied between reservoirs as a funct...

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Section: Industrial Metals In Soilscontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Physical Settingmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Industrial Metals In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Industrial Metals In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A landscape-scale approach to examining the fate of atmospherically derived industrial metals in the surficial environment

Stromsoe

Marx

McGowan

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The A horizon has been assumed to be Holocene in age and is dominated by high organic inputs from the covering snowgrass accompanied by slow decomposition due cold temperatures, frequently waterlogged soils and high aluminium content (McKenzie et al, 2004). The soils are augmented by significant dust accretion (Costin et al, 1952;Johnston, 2001;Marx et al, 2011). Together this suggests that the A horizon undergoes pedogenisis by upbuilding.…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of late Holocene soil production and erosion in the Snowy Mountains, Australia

Stromsoe

Marx

Callow

et al. 2016

CATENA

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Soil production in actively uplifting or high precipitation alpine landscapes is potentially rapid. However, these same landscapes are also susceptible to erosion and can be sensitive to changes in climate and anthropogenic activity which can upset the balance between soil production and erosion. The Snowy Mountains, southeastern Australia, are a tectonically stable, low relief, moderate precipitation mountain environment. The alpine area is extensively blanketed by soil that has been subjected to more intensive episodes of erosion during past periods of anthropogenic disturbance and under cold climate conditions of the late Quaternary. In this study, rates of soil development and hillslope erosion were investigated using radiocarbon dating, fallout radionuclides and sediment cores collected from lakes and reservoirs. Estimated Holocene soil development rates were 20-220 t/km2/y. Erosion rates determined from the radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb were equivocal, due to the inherent spatial variability of radionuclide inventories relative to apparent erosion rates. Estimated average erosion rates over the past 100 years, determined from 210Pbex inventories, were 60 t/km2/y (95% CI: 10, 90). Inventories of 137Cs observed at the same site implied that more recent erosion rates (over the past 60 years) was below the detection limits of the sampling method applied here (i.e. /km2/y). The upper estimate of 90 t/km2/y is comparable to the mean erosion rate estimated using the radionuclide method for uncultivated sites in Australia and is significantly lower than that measured at sites were vegetation cover was disturbed by livestock grazing prior to its exclusion from the alpine area in the 1940s CE. Low erosion and high soil production rates relative to the lowland soils are likely related to extensive vegetation cover, which, in this context, protects soils against erosion and contributes to the formation of organic alpine soils, that rapidly accumulate organic matter by comparison to other soil types. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication DetailsStromsoe, N., Marx, S. K., Callow, N., McGowan, H. A. & Heijnis, H. (2016 AbstractSoil production in actively uplifting or high precipitation alpine landscapes is potentially rapid.However, these same landscapes are also susceptible to erosion and can be sensitive to changes in climate and anthropogenic activity which can upset the balance between soil production and erosion. The Snowy Mountains, southeastern Australia, are a tectonically stable, low relief, moderate precipitation mountain environment. The alpine area is extensively blanketed by soil that has been subjected to more intensive episodes of erosion during past periods of anthropogenic disturbance and under cold climate conditions of the late Quaternary. In this study, rates of soil development and hillslope erosion were investigated using radiocarbon dating, fallout radionuclides and sediment cores collected from lakes and reservoirs. the mean erosion rate est...

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Use of density‐impact functions to inform and improve the environmental outcomes of feral horse management

Berman

Pickering²,

Smith

et al. 2023

Wildlife Biology

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The available science often demonstrates the need for feral horse population control but not the degree of control required to achieve environmental conservation objectives. To better manage the influence of feral horses, we must first understand the relationship between feral horse density and environmental impact. We recorded vegetation and soil disturbance, and the sign of potential causes of this impact in two parts of the Australian Alps, the Bogong high plains (BHP) and the Eastern Victorian Alps (EVA). We calculated density‐impact functions to assist managers with determining feral horse density targets for control programmes. Minimal sign of feral horse impact was detected on the BHP, with no impact of feral horses observed along 99% of the length of transects. In contrast, impacts assigned to feral horses were significantly higher in the EVA, where a larger, higher‐density population of feral horses existed. However, greater than 83% of the walked transect length was still undisturbed by feral horses in the EVA. We detected a threshold of horse impact at ~ 250 horse faecal piles per ha. Above this threshold, a slight increase in horse density resulted in a disproportionately large increase in impact. In this context, a relatively small population control effort may substantially reduce direct horse impact. But where horse densities exist below this threshold, considerably more expense and control effort (resulting from the difficulties related to control at low density) is likely to make very little difference to an already low level of direct impact. The combined impacts associated with the sign of deer, feral pigs, fire and humans were large compared to that of feral horses. Management of feral horses to reduce their direct impact is unlikely to be beneficial without complementary management to reduce the effects of these other agents of impact.

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Studies in Pedogenesis in New South Wales

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

A landscape-scale approach to examining the fate of atmospherically derived industrial metals in the surficial environment

A landscape-scale approach to examining the fate of atmospherically derived industrial metals in the surficial environment

Estimates of late Holocene soil production and erosion in the Snowy Mountains, Australia

Use of density‐impact functions to inform and improve the environmental outcomes of feral horse management

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