Studies in human isolation.

Freedman, Sanford J.; Greenblatt, Milton

doi:10.1037/e449902004-001

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Freedman and Greenblatt (1960) failed to replicate this phenomenon in subjects in 8 h of perceptual deprivation, but they did note a significant reduction in the apparent angular speed of the rotating line. Pollard et al (1963) likewise report a reduction in the apparent speed of a moving line observed by subjects after 8 h of perceptual deprivation.…”

Section: Human Factors In Long-duration Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…and Freedman and Greenblatt (1960) found no effect of isolation and perceptual deprivation on number of reversals. Freedman etal.…”

Section: Human Factors In Long-duration Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In one of the later McGill studies , it was reported that depth perception deteriorated in some subjects but tended to improve in others, also that size constancy was significantly impaired. Later studies, many of which have employed more severe deprivation conditions, have failed to show any significant changes in depth perception or size constancy (Vernon et al, 1959(Vernon et al, , 1961aFreedman and Greenblatt, 1960;Freedman et al, 1961;Schwitzgebel, 1962;and Zubek et al, 1961and Zubek et al, , 1962and Zubek et al, , 1964band Zubek et al, , 1966. Zubek (I 964b) failed to detect any significant changes in depth perception and in size constancy after 14 days of perceptual deprivation, the longest deprivation period employed in any of these studies.…”

Section: Sensory Perceptual and Motor Factors 83mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Freedman and Greenblatt (1960) reported no effect of 8 h of perceptual deprivation on the average extent of the illusion, but Freedman et al (1961) claimed that the variability of the individual alignments was significantly greater for the experimental than for the control subjects. In contrast with Freedman and Greenblatt's finding of no change in average extent of the illusion, Veno and Tada (1965b) obtained an increase in average magnitude.…”

Section: Human Factors In Long-duration Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Factors in Long-Duration Spaceflight

1972

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Council with the express approval of the Governing Board of the NRC. Such approval indicated that the Board considered that the problem is of national significance, that elucidation of the problem required scientific or technical competence, and that the resources of NRC were particularly suitable to the conduct of the project. The institutional responsibilities of the NRC were then discharged in the following manner:The members of the study committee were selected for their individual scholarly competence and judgment, with due consideration for the balance and breadth of disciplines. Responsibility for all aspects of this report rests with the study committee, to whom we express our sincere appreciation.Although the reports of our study committees are not submitted for approval to the Academy membership nor to the Council, each report is reviewed by a second group of scientists according to procedures established and monitored by the Academy's Report Review Committee. Such reviews are intended to determine, inter alia, whether the major questions and relevant points of view have been addressed and whether the reported findings, conclusions, and recommendations arose from the available data and information. Distribution of the report is permitted only after satisfactory completion of this review process.PRECEDlliG PAGES__D NOT FILMED

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Section: Human Factors In Long-duration Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…and Freedman and Greenblatt (1960) found no effect of isolation and perceptual deprivation on number of reversals. Freedman etal.…”

Section: Human Factors In Long-duration Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Sensory Perceptual and Motor Factors 83mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Human Factors In Long-duration Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Factors in Long-Duration Spaceflight

1972

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“…Conversely, we could say simple people '''ill find the task interesting and '''ill perform well. We know from a variety of experiments on sensory deprivation that some people do enjoy deprivation, others hate it (cf., Lilly, 1956; Scott, 1954;Freedman & Greenblatt, 1959 It could be hoped that more attention to cognitive structural variables might clarify individual differences in the realm. Whether such things as ego-strength, etc.…”

Section: A Note On the Results In The Perspective Of General Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception of Simulated Nations: A Multidimensional Analysis of Social Perception as Affected by Situational Stress and Characteristic Levels of Cognitive Complexity in Perceivers

Driver

1962

ETS Research Bulletin Series

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The purposes of the study were to uncover the general structure of the concept used to perceive sQcialgroups acting as simulated nations, to de-'ter.mine whether the complexity and content of this perceptual concept would shift under varying situational stresses and to discover whether differences in the complexity of this specific concept could be traced to a measure of gener~izedcognitive complexity.A model was presented in which complexity in~concept was defined in terms of three qualities: (1) amount o~differentiation, (2)-degree of representative integration and (3) preponde:tance of interna,l dynamic properties of stimuli over more primitive external characteristics.The theory adva.nced was that complexity would relate to stress in a curvilinear fashion. Moderate stress should induce greater complexity in social perception than either too mild or too in1;;ense stress.. In addition it was. expected that at :most stresS levels dif:ferences 1ncomplexity can be related to differences in the characteristic levels of cognitive complexity in perceivers.In order to examine these points, the complexity of the social group concept as, it i'unct:i.oned in the Internation Simu1.ationwaB studied.. The s:iJnulation a.llowed seven, three-man n,ations to operate in a complex decis ion1J1aking environment for f"our days. In 10 diff"erent runs of the simulation; one half o£ the nations were manned by persons of high generalized c.omplexity, while half were staffed with more generally simple persons.Generalized complexity was measured with the Situational Interpretation Teat.-iiFour runs involved the intense stress of war, four :peace runs were of moderate stress and two peace runs were classed as mild stress.The content and structure of the social group concepts employed in the INS were measured by DlultidiIllensiona.l scaling. Via multidimensional methods the social group concepts of the average person in each run were computed. In addition the multidimensional concepts of unique, non-average persons were calculated in one war and one peace run. On the whole the results confir.med the model in highly provocative and suggestive ways. Multidimensional representations of both average and unique concepts were highly meaningful and related to events in the simulation. In particular three regular dimensions of social group perception emerged in average concepts: alliance, power, and activity. The significance 'of these d:lJ:nensions for perceptual and semantic theory was noted.The structure of both average and unique concepts varied in a curvilinear '\.lay with stress. Interesting differences in content and structure of concepts were found between mild, moderate, and intense stress conditions. Particularly interesting were the features of concept structures which were flound on the eve of war. Also of interest were the implications of both the complexity and content of con,cepts ;for an understanding of interests and decisions in the INS.

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Sensory deprivation and suggestion: A theoretical approach

Jackson

Pollard

2007

Syst. Res.

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Hamlet: Do you see yonder cloud that's almost in shape of a camel? Polonius: By the mass, and 'tis like a camel indeed. Hamlet: Methinks it is like a weasel. Polonius: It is backed like a weasel. Hamlet: Or like a whale? Polonius: Very like a whale. Most investigators have wondered what to do about the obliging subject who “helps science” by telling the experimenter what he thinks the experimenter would like to hear; the anxious subject who gives what he thinks is an appropriate response rather than an actual one; and the creative subject who cannot bear to report the same dull, mundane reaction as everybody else. The authors here suggest that these factors may influence the results of sensory deprivation experiments to a much greater extent than has heretofore been recognized, and recommend a new look at some old interpretations.

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Studies in human isolation.

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Human Factors in Long-Duration Spaceflight

Human Factors in Long-Duration Spaceflight

The Perception of Simulated Nations: A Multidimensional Analysis of Social Perception as Affected by Situational Stress and Characteristic Levels of Cognitive Complexity in Perceivers

Sensory deprivation and suggestion: A theoretical approach

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