Studies in group agglutination. II.—The absorption of agglutinin in the diphasic salmonellas

Andrewes, F. W.

doi:10.1002/path.1700280222

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Salmonella has two flagellin genes, fljB and fliC, and their expression is autonomously regulated to produce either FljB or FliC for filament formation at a frequency of 10 −3 -10 −4 per cell per generation. This is called phase variation [4], and it is thought to be a mechanism to enable escape from the host immune system by changing flagellar antigenicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Comparison of Salmonella Flagellar Filaments Composed of FljB and FliC

et al. 2020

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The bacterial flagellum is a motility organelle consisting of a long helical filament as a propeller and a rotary motor that drives rapid filament rotation to produce thrust. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has two genes of flagellin, fljB and fliC, for flagellar filament formation and autonomously switches their expression at a frequency of 10−3–10−4 per cell per generation. We report here differences in their structures and motility functions under high-viscosity conditions. A Salmonella strain expressing FljB showed a higher motility than one expressing FliC under high viscosity. To examine the reasons for this motility difference, we carried out structural analyses of the FljB filament by electron cryomicroscopy and found that the structure was nearly identical to that of the FliC filament except for the position and orientation of the outermost domain D3 of flagellin. The density of domain D3 was much lower in FljB than FliC, suggesting that domain D3 of FljB is more flexible and mobile than that of FliC. These differences suggest that domain D3 plays an important role not only in changing antigenicity of the filament but also in optimizing motility function of the filament as a propeller under different conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Comparison of Salmonella Flagellar Filaments Composed of FljB and FliC

et al. 2020

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“…The antigenic formulae for Salmonella are written according to the Kauffmann-White Scheme and no account has been taken of minor antigenic relationships or differences omitted from this scheme. For example, 1, 4, 5, 12 : b : 1,2, the formula for Salmonella paratyphi B, indicates that the strain has somatic (0) 256 E. W. MEYNELL antigens 1, 4, 5, 12 and flagellar (H) antigens b and 1,2, either of which may be present since they are subject to the rapid mutation and back-mutation known as phase variation (Andrewes, 1922(Andrewes, , 1925. The formula for S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phage, o , which attacks motile bacteria

Meynell

1961

Journal of General Microbiology

118

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SUMMARYA salmonella phage which attacks only flagellated bacteria (Sertic & Boulgakov, 1936 b) has been studied. Tests with naturally occurring strains, and with artificial serotypes to which foreign H antigens had been transduced, have shown that sensitivity depends on the H antigen: bacteria with antigens of the g-complex are resistant, and with antigens 1.. ., e,h, or Arizona 13, are sensitive only to appropriate host-range mutants. Tests with non-motile and motile variants of the same strains showed that paralysed (non-motile H) as well as non-flagellated bacteria are resistant and thus that the flagella must be active as well as of correct antigenic type. Where resistance was due to absence of suitable flagella, i t was associated with impaired adsorption of phage. Removal of the flagella from a sensitive strain led to diminished adsorption; a similar result was obtained when the bacteria were artificially paralysed in various different ways. No adsorption to detached flagella was detected, probably because they were inactive. Adsorption of the phage led to immobilization and agglutination of the bacteria, probably by a direct effect on the flagella. Electron micrographs showed phage particles attached to flagella, and infection could evidently follow adsorption to distal parts of a flagellum. The genome of the infecting particle may perhaps reach the bacterial body by being injected into an active flagellum at the point of initial attachment, and then travelling inside the flagellum.

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“…It has been shown that the members of the Salmonella groups are diphasic (F. W. Andrewes (9,10)) because some individuals of each strain possess mainly group antigen while others have almost wholly the specific antigen. It seemed desirable, therefore, to pick individual colonies of the 3 streptococcal strains under study and to see if cultures from each colony behaved alike towards the various sera.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results shown in Table VI, moreover, make it appear that the complete explanation is somewhat complex. It is possible that we have to deal with more than one group antigen, as seems to be the case with the Salmonellas (10); but this is by no means proven. It is also possible that the 3 organisms under study differ in the relative amounts of group and specific antigens which they contain, or that the situation is complicated by other factors as yet not understood.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Hemolytic Streptococci in Acute Rheumatic Fever, With an Analysis of the Antigenic Relationships Existing Among Certain Strains

Andrewes

Derick

Swift

1926

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. Thirteen strains of hemolytic streptococci isolated from patients with acute rheumatic fever did not show any evidence of being related serologically. 2. Strains of hemolytic streptococci exist which, although identical by the agglutination test, do not show complete reciprocal agglutinin absorption. Sera prepared from such related strains may show some protective power in mice against another member of the group. 3. Some strains of hemolytic streptococci may absorb agglutinins from a serum prepared against another strain, and yet may fail to be agglutinated by that serum. 4. None of 20 strains of hemolytic streptococci isolated in New York City in 1924, and 1925, corresponded serologically with Dochez, Avery, and Lancefield's 4 type strains or with Gordon's Type I strain.

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Studies in group agglutination. II.—The absorption of agglutinin in the diphasic salmonellas

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Structural and Functional Comparison of Salmonella Flagellar Filaments Composed of FljB and FliC

Structural and Functional Comparison of Salmonella Flagellar Filaments Composed of FljB and FliC

A phage, o , which attacks motile bacteria

A Study of Hemolytic Streptococci in Acute Rheumatic Fever, With an Analysis of the Antigenic Relationships Existing Among Certain Strains

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