Studies in dogs and cats dosed with trimethoprim and sulphadiazine

Abstract

Serum level studies in cats and dogs dosed with 30 mg per kg per day of either oral or injectable formulations of a 1:5 trimethoprim/sulphadiazine combination showed good absorption by both routes of administration. Toxicity tests with the products demonstrated a high margin of safety in dogs given this dose level; the margin of safety in cats was lower but still adequate. The high success rate in clinical trials against a wide range of bacterial infections confirmed the predictions from the serum level results that a dose rate of 30 mg per kg per day orally or parentally, would be therapeutically efficacious in both species.

Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Sulphadiazine, N4-acetylsulphadiazine and Trimethoprim following Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration of a Sulphadiazine/Trimethoprim Combination in Sheep

“…Studies in other species, such as swine (Nielsen and Rasmussen, 1975a,b;Garwacki et al, 1996), dogs and cats (Craig and White, 1976;Sigel et al, 1981), horses (Brown et al, 1983;Bogan et al, 1984;Van Duijkeren et al, 1994a, Gustafsson et al, 1999, poultry (Lo« scher et al, 1990;Batzias et al, 2000;Baert et al, 2003), rabbits (Ladefoged, 1977) and ¢sh (Nouws et al, 1993), have also been performed. All investigators clearly reported higher values of volume of distribution (V) and clearance (Cl), together with a substantially shorter elimination half-life for TMP, compared to SDZ.…”

Inhibition of Folate Metabolism in Chemotherapy

“…Toxicity tests on the combination oftrimethoprim and sulfadiazine in the ratio 1: 5 have been reported for the dog and cat (CRAIG and WHITE 1976). Dogs were given a total dose of 300 mg/kg/day, i.e.…”

“…This combination was more toxic in the cat (CRAIG and WHITE 1976). Three 5month-old cats were given total doses of 43-57,97-104, or 300 mg kg-1 day-1 for 20-30 days, and three adult cats were given 30-37 mg kg-1 day-1 for 30 days.…”

Plasma concentration and disposition of antimicrobial agents in the dog

“…Benzylpenicillins have been shown to be as well absorbed in dogs after SC as after IM injection (Ullberg 1951;English 1959); while satisfactory plasma concentrations have been observed after the SC administration of chloramphenicol succinate (Pauli and English 1971;Watson 1972a) oxytetracycline (Gancarz et al1965) and some sulphonamides (Florestano et a1 1953;Craig and White 1976). Should the drug of choice be not absorbed from the gut or should parenteral administration provide higher plasma concentrations, then a suitable parenteral route must be selected, a t least a t the outset of treatment.…”

“…Mean serial blood sulphonamide concentrations observed in the dog (Stableforth and Hignett 1942;Florestano ef al 1953;Austin and Kelly 1966;Baggot 1968;Osbaldiston and Walker 1972;Craig and White 1976) after the administration of several rapidly-excreted sulphonamides are shown in Table 7. Mean serial blood sulphonamide concentrations observed in the dog (Stableforth and Hignett 1942;Florestano ef al 1953;Austin and Kelly 1966;Baggot 1968;Osbaldiston and Walker 1972;Craig and White 1976) after the administration of several rapidly-excreted sulphonamides are shown in Table 7.…”