Studies for Antibiotic Free Chicken Production Using Water Extracts from Artemisia capillaris and Camellia sinensis

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether water extracts from Artemisia capillaries (A. capillaries) and Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis) could be used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler feed. The experiment 1 was verified their chemical composition, extracts yields, total phenolic compounds concentration, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and chicken splenocytes proliferation through in vitro test. The extract yields of A. capillaries and C. sinensis were 26.5 and 16.8%, respectively. Total phenolic compounds concentrations of them expressed as gallic acid equivalent were 15.28 and 26.74 mg/mL, respectively. Electron donating abilities of them expressed as SC showing 50% DPPH radical scavenging were 0.30 and 0.06 mg, respectively. Bacterial inhibitory rates of them against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium were ranged from 42.1 to 52.3% and from 21.6 to 33.7%, respectively. And, these extracts increased proliferation of chicken splenocytes. Especially, A. capillaris was more excellent than Echinacea and Concanavalin A known as T-cell stimulator. The experiment 2 was investigated their effects on growth performance, relative organ weight, cecal microflora, blood biochemical parameters, and splenic cytokines mRNA expression in broiler chicks. Four hundred eighty 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided in to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds in each group: NC (control, no antibiotics), PC (avilamycin, 10 ppm; salinomycin, 60 ppm), AC (A. capillaries, 100 ppm), and CS (C. sinensis, 100 ppm); treatments were administered through water supplementation. Final body weight was significantly higher in all treated groups than in NC (p<0.05). Cecal Salmonella numbers were significantly or somewhat decreased in all treated groups than in NC (p <0.05). The relative weights and lengths of the small intestine were more significantly decreased in the PC and AC groups than in the other groups. Cecal Salmonella numbers were significantly or somewhat decreased in all treated groups than in the NC group (p<0.05). The contents of total cholesterol, aspatate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in blood serum were more significantly decreased in all treated groups than in NC (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested the possibility that these extracts could serve as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters.

Effect of various sources of dietary additive on growth, body composition and serum chemistry of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

“…Oral administration of 0.5% PM extract did not affect plasma glucose, cholesterol, GOT and GPT of broiler chicks (Ko, Yang, Kang, Kim & Jang ), but total protein, cholesterol and glucose of broiler chicks fed the diet containing 0.5% PM by‐product decreased (Jeong & Cho ). The oral administration of AC improved weight gain of broiler chicken as well as lowered serum total cholesterol (Kim, Kim, Kang, Kang, Park, Park, Bang, Kim, Na, Chae, Choi, Suh, Kim & Kang ). And dietary inclusion of four kinds of herb mixture increased plasma HDL‐cholesterol level and lowered GOT level of fish (Ji et al .…”

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) on the Meat Quality in the Chicken (Woorimatdag)

“…쑥 분말 1~2% 의 급이는 이유 자돈에서 생산성 및 영양소 이용률 을 향상시켰으며 (Kim et al, 2003), 거세 한우의 사료에 쑥 2%의 첨가 급이는 증체량 및 도체중의 증 가, 육질 개선에도 효과적인 것으로 보고된 바 있다 . 특히 인진쑥 추출물을 급이한 육계는 생산성 향상과 장내 유해균의 성장 및 증식 이 억제되었다는 보고도 있다 (Kim et al, 2010a (Romero et al, 2006;Singh & Lai, 2001). 개똥쑥의 주성분으로는 arteannuin, arteannuin B, scopolein, coumarin 등이 알려진 바 있으며 (Avery et al, 1992), 항산화 활성이 높으며, 특히 잎이 줄기에 비해 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 많 아 잎의 항산화 활성이 더 높은 것으로 보고된 바 있다 (Ryu et al, 2011a).…”

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Mulberry Leaves and Silkworm Excreta Extracts on Weight Performance, Blood Characteristics and Cecal Microflorae of Chicks

“…또한 뽕잎은 강력한 α-glycosidase의 저해물질로서 혈당 강하 물질인 1-deoxynojirimycin(DNJ)를 다량 함유하고 있어 당뇨병에도 효과를 보인다 (Ahn et al 2001, Jeon et al 2009. 뽕잎 성분이 첨가된 축산물 사 료에 대한 기능성 연구들은 뽕잎 물 추출물을 사료에 첨 가하였을 때 육계의 콜레스테롤과 중성지방의 혈중농도를 감소시킨다고 발표하였고, volatile basic nitrogen(VBN)과 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)의 혈중농도 측정 결과를 통해 육계의 저장성 개선에 대해 뽕잎 추출 물이 효과가 있음을 보고하였다 Kim 2010, Park et al 2010).…”