Studien zum Mechanismus der Maurer‐Oxydation

Langenbeck, Wolfgang; Richter, M.

doi:10.1002/cber.19560890206

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The oxidation of normal aliphatic alcohol using N 2 O 4 has been carried out at room temperature. 21 In our work, temperatures of ca. 50-60 °C, and longer reaction times (up to 2 days) in a closed system were necessary to completely convert the semifluorinated alcohols to acids as monitored by 1 H NMR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Liquid Crystalline, Semifluorinated Side Group Block Copolymers with Stable Low Energy Surfaces: Synthesis, Liquid Crystalline Structure, and Critical Surface Tension

et al. 1997

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Monodisperse poly(styrene-b-semifluorinated side chain) block copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization of poly(styrene-b-1,2/3,4-isoprene) followed by the corresponding polymer analogous reactions. By controlling the block copolymer composition and the relative lengths of the fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon units in the side group, the effect of chemical structure on surface properties and the influence of liquid crystalline structure of the semifluorinated side chain on the surface behavior were evaluated. The composition of side groups does not greatly affect the as-prepared sample surface tension, but influences instead the transition temperatures of the room temperature liquid crystal phase. It was observed that the shorter fluorocarbon units (six −CF2− units) form a smectic A phase at room temperature. The critical surface tension of the SA phase is 10.8 mN/m, and the polymer surface undergoes significant reconstruction when immersed in water. However, when the fluorocarbon side chain contains more than eight −CF2− units, the resulting surface possesses a lower critical surface tension (ca. 8 mN/m) and exhibits negligible surface reconstruction. We believe the stability results from the highly ordered packing of the room temperature smectic B phase. This mesophase resists the reconstruction of the surface, since to do so would require loss of the enthalpies of transition. The estimated activation energy to destroy the smectic B phase is about 3−10 times higher than that of smectic A phase. This phase forms a uniform, hexagonally packed −CF3 terminated surface with a low critical surface tension similar to that of fluorocarbon-based Langmuir−Blodgett films. The self-assembly of these liquid crystalline block copolymers at both the molecular and microstructural level provides a valuable approach to creating stable, low surface energy materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Nitrogen dioxide has been reported to be an effective reagent for quantitative oxidation. The oxidation of normal aliphatic alcohol using N 2 O 4 has been carried out at room temperature . In our work, temperatures of ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystalline, Semifluorinated Side Group Block Copolymers with Stable Low Energy Surfaces: Synthesis, Liquid Crystalline Structure, and Critical Surface Tension

et al. 1997

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“…Methyl nitrite is the crucial intermediate on which this technology depends. Its synthesis can be achieved by contacting liquid methanol with nitrogen oxides (NO/NO 2 ) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Counter-current columns with different packing material, or spray towers have been described in the (patent) literature for this gas-liquid reaction [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Mechanism of Alkyl Nitrites, Valuable Intermediates in C1-Upgrading Chemistry and Oxidation Processes

et al. 2014

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In this contribution we use computational tools to investigate the reaction of alcohol substrates with reactive nitrogen oxide species such as N 2 O 3 and N 2 O 4 , leading to the formation of alkyl nitrites. These nitrites are interesting intermediates which can be processed to various valuable chemicals such as ketones/aldehydes and dimethyl oxalate while regenerating NO x. As such, NO x is used as an oxidation mediator, converting alcohol substrates to more reactive nitrites which can be selectively converted to more desired compounds, closing a catalytic cycle in NO x species.

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Benzyl Alcohol and β‐Phenethyl Alcohol

Mookherjee

Wilson

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Benzyl alcohol and β‐phenethyl alcohol (2‐phenylethanol) are the simplest of the aromatic alcohols, and, as such, are chemically similar. Benzyl alcohol occurs widely in essential oils both as the free alcohol, and, more importantly from a fragrance standpoint, in the form of various esters. Although benzyl alcohol itself is rather bland in odor, combined with its much more fragrant esters it is an important part of the odor of jasmine, ylang‐ylang, gardenia, some rose varieties, narcissus and peony, as well as castoreum, balsams of peru and tolu, and propolis. Benzyl alcohol occurs primarily in flower oils and tree exudates. Benzyl alcohol readily undergoes the reactions characteristic of a primary alcohol, such as esterification and etherification, as well as halide formation. In addition, it undergoes ring substitution. Today benzyl alcohol is almost universally manufactured from toluene which is first chlorinated to give benzyl chloride. This is then hydrolyzed to benzyl alcohol by treatment with aqueous sodium carbonate. In the soap, perfume, and flavor industries benzyl alcohol is primarily used in the form of its aliphatic esters. Benzyl alcohol is commercially available in five grades. The largest proportion of benzyl alcohol is for use in the photographic and textile industries although the latter use has been declining. The textile grade is used as a dyeing assistant for wool and nylon. The pharmaceutical industry makes use of benzyl alcohol's local anesthetic, antiseptic, and solvent properties. The technical grade of benzyl alcohol is used in rug cleaners as a degreasing agent, in leather dyeing, in ballpoint inks, as a cleaner for soldering, and as an extractive distillation solvent for xylenes and cresols. In addition, benzyl alcohol is used extensively in the polymer industry and in the manufacture of automobile tires. This material has a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status indicated by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association for use in flavors and by the Council of Europe for use as a flavor. Benzyl alcohol satisfies the most current guidelines published by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA). Of all the aromatic organic molecules β‐phenethyl alcohol (PEA) is probably the most prestigious aroma chemical in the world of perfumery. This is because of its exquisite odor of natural rose petals. The compound undergoes the usual chemical reactions of alcohols or aromatic compounds. In insect control, PEA has been considered as a mosquito repellant. The alcohol also has antifungicidal properties. Because of factors of low cost, stability, and odor quality, PEA is ideally suited for use in bar soap fragrances. Current commercial methods for making PEA include Grignard synthesis, Friedel‐Crafts process, and catalytic hydrogenation of styrene oxide. Approximately 85% of the PEA is employed for fragrance use. The use of β‐phenethyl alcohol generally presents no health problems.

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Studien zum Mechanismus der Maurer‐Oxydation

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Liquid Crystalline, Semifluorinated Side Group Block Copolymers with Stable Low Energy Surfaces: Synthesis, Liquid Crystalline Structure, and Critical Surface Tension

Liquid Crystalline, Semifluorinated Side Group Block Copolymers with Stable Low Energy Surfaces: Synthesis, Liquid Crystalline Structure, and Critical Surface Tension

Formation Mechanism of Alkyl Nitrites, Valuable Intermediates in C1-Upgrading Chemistry and Oxidation Processes

Benzyl Alcohol and β‐Phenethyl Alcohol

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