Studi Kritis Atas Konsep Nāsikh-Mansūkh

Applying Interactive Planning on Science and Technology Policy in State Personnel Agency

“…Interactive planning is used to design the future planning, which is based on the problems encountered at the present. Interactive planning is directed at creating the future the which is based on the belief that an organization's future depends at least as much on what it does between now and then, as on what is done to it [32], [33], [34]. Interactive planning method is derived from the concept of interactivism and is a participatory method dealing with a series of interrelated problems; it is believed that if an action is not done, then the desired future will never happen, and that if an appropriate action is taken, the possibility of the desired future can be achieved [32], [35].…”

“…It creates its future by continuously closing the gap between where it is at any moment of time and where it would most like to be" [32]. Furthermore, an interactive planning consists of five parts, namely: (1) formulating the mess, (2) ends planning, (3) means planning, (4) the design of implementation, and (5) design of controls [32], [34]. In interactive planning method Ackoff [32],[36] also mentions a few things that support the planning in this method, namely: (1) Participative principle, and (2) Continuity principle, and (3) Holistic principle.…”