“…Supporting these trends are reports of diminished effort and passive learning, with some linking the consumeristic mind-set of students as a contributing factor to these deficiencies (Harrison & Risler, 2015; Naidoo et al, 2011; Vedder, 2019). Evidence of higher education furthering a student consumeristic mind-set can be seen through students financing their education (Costa et al, 2015), customer service measures used for evaluation of teaching (Baglione & Tucci, 2019); colleges attracting students with redesigned dorms, updated eateries, and novel extracurricular activities (Chory & Offstein, 2016; Helgesen, 2008; Singleton-Jackson et al, 2010). Consequently, using marketing techniques in higher education brings a consumer orientation into the classroom that shifts the responsibility of learning to the professor, reinforces unrealistic expectations that high grades come with little effort, and misaligns learning as a quick process with immediate rewards (Arboleda & Alonso, 2017; Gocken, 2014; Singleton-Jackson et al, 2010).…”