Students' Knowledge of Healthy Food and Their Actual Eating Habits: A Case Study on the University of Granada (Spain)

Abstract

This article focuses on an analysis of the discourses produced during 34 semi-structured interviews (17 men and 17 women) conducted at the University of Granada (Spain) with undergraduate, Master, and Ph.D. students. The interviewees were between 20 and 44 years old. It was observed that the fact of having a high educational level did not prevent University students from eating unhealthily. There is a gap between the fact that 97.1% of 34 students interviewed (that is, 33 of them) know what healthy food is and their self-perception about whether or not what they are eating is healthy, since in 41.2% of them said self-perception is negative. This gap narrows as the interviewees' age increases and their socio-economic and vital situation is stabilizing which favors that their eating habits become more regular and healthier. Thus, all the interviewees aged 27 or over self-perceived that they were eating healthily. But the biggest differences are those that have to do with the gender of interviewees. Thus, while 23.5% of women interviewed perceived that they were not eating healthy, 76.5% of them felt that they were eating healthy. However, among the men interviewed, these percentages were somehow reversed, in such a way that 58.8% of them believed that they were not eating healthy, compared to 41.2% of them who indicated that they were eating healthy. Therefore, the investigation revealed that women tend to have the best chances of assuming healthy eating habits. Male students living outside the family home or without female partners exhibited greater feeding problems, while females living under similar conditions tended to display healthier eating habits. This is related to the fact that women have traditionally been in charge of acquiring and preparing food. So, women's food education has not been restricted to the mere transmission to them of knowledge about what healthy food is, but from their childhood they were food trained through their active involvement in practical experiences. Obviously, the solution proposed to this male disadvantage is to not perpetuate macho gender stereotypes that assign women the role of home caregivers, but to seek that both women and men have the opportunity and the duty to experience equally those practical experiences that involve the tasks of the acquisition and preparation of food. Working to achieve a situation like this, not only promotes progress in gender equality, but also helps to overcome the lower training of men to perform the tasks inherent in their diet.

Gender Parity in Spain: Attainments and Remaining Challenges

“…Participant observation entails that the researcher tries to immerse him or herself in some way in the social daily life, in the problems and in the expectations of the population he is studying. In this regard, we clarify that the participant observation mentioned here was carried out during two previous investigations in which the second author of the current article was involved (Del Río-Lozano et al 2013;Entrena-Durán et al 2021). In line with this, in these investigations the researchers were involved in several of the activities carried out by significant members of the population studied; at the same time, they held different meetings with that population and gave informal talks to it.…”

“…To a large extent, this is due to the fact that there are still many women who have internalized, as their own and almost exclusive to their gender, the responsibilities of home caregivers. The internalization of this responsibilities by many women, the emotional pressure, and the health problems that this often entails for them are facts that the second author of this article has been able to verify in the interviews carried out on the occasion of his involvement in two previous qualitative studies (Del Río-Lozano et al 2013;Entrena-Durán et al 2021).…”

“…'. These words were spoken by one of the women interviewed in recent research made by the second author of the current article (Entrena-Durán et al 2021).…”

“…For instance, according to this 'domination', there would still be a significant number of women who would have 'naturalized' and assumed their situation of inequality mentally as 'normal'. Thus, they would have internalized and accepted as inherent to their gender a series of care roles, which should not be their sole responsibility but shared equally by men and women (Entrena-Durán et al 2021).…”

From Being Literate about Health to Becoming Capable of Achieving Health: Health literacy capabilities of Zimbabwean school youth

“…This article responds to calls for engaging with knowledge co-production in health education and well-being by taking a praxeological approach (Mol, 2002). Focusing on youth's experiences and views as related to their health and food practices, the article explores how 'good' health emerges in the context of the youth's practices intersecting with contextual social, political and economic conditions (Entrena-Durán et al, 2021;Ehlert, 2021;Higgs & Ruddock, 2020;Robinson et al, 2013).…”