“…Through PJBL, students play an active role in building knowledge, solving problems, taking responsibility, building self-confidence, working collaboratively, learning to communicate ideas and becoming creative innovators (Kusumadewi & Kusmaryono, 2022;Makaramani, 2015;Seo et al, 2023). The policy responds to 21st-century learning that integrates the knowledge domain with thinking critically, ingenuity, solving the problem, sharing of ideas, and cooperation (Iwan et al, 2023;Peña-Ayala, 2021), character building, and spiritual values (Ariyana et al, 2018).…”