“…Five steps form the basic process of PBL: (a) review the case, (b) analyze actual or potential health issues, (c) identify knowledge gaps, (d) conduct research, and (e) develop an action plan. Prior research that investigated PBL reported increased engagement, self-direction, satisfaction, motivation, and autonomy (Hwang & Kim, 2006;Lin, Lu, Chung, & Yang, 2010;Ozturk, Muslu, & Dicle, 2008;Smith & Coleman, 2008;Tiwari, Lai, So, & Yuen, 2006;Yuan et al, 2008).…”