Student Motivation as Hierarchical and Multidimensional: Cross-cultural Validation of Personal Investment Theory in the Philippines

Abstract

a B s t R a c tPersonal investment theory presents a hierarchical and multidimensional model of motivational goals that influence important academic outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the cross-cultural validity of this model in the Philippine setting using both within-and between-network approaches to construct validation. Filipino high school (N = 823) students participated in the study. Their mean age was 14.28 (SD = 0.97). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of the model. The eight types of first order goals (task, effort, competition, social power, social affiliation, social concern, praise, and token goals) formed four second-order goals (mastery, performance, social, and extrinsic), which in turn formed a third-order factor called global motivation. It was found that mastery, performance, and extrinsic were positively related to academic achievement. Social and extrinsic goals were positively related to affect to school. In general, the results supported the cross-cultural validity of the hierarchical and multidimensional model of student motivation in a non-Western context. This study highlights the importance of testing the validity of Western-oriented theories of achievement motivation before they are applied in non-Western settings. Key words authorsPersonal investment theory, achievement goals, Philippines, cross-cultural validation. Key words plusQuantitative Research, Validity, Educative Psychology. R e s u m e n La teoría de investigación personal presenta un modelo jerárquico y multidimensional de los objetivos motivacionales que influencian los resultados académicos importantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la validez intercultural de este modelo en el contexto Filipino usando una aproximación de tanto dentro y entre redes para la validación de constructo. Estudiantes de secundaria filipinos (N = 823) participaron en el estudio. La edad media fue 14.28 (DE = 0.97). El análisis factorial confirmatorio soportó la validez de constructo del modelo. Los ocho tipos de objetivos de primer orden (tarea, esfuerzo, competición, poder social, afiliación social, preocupación social, alabanza y objetivos simbólicos) formaron cuatro objetivos de segundo orden (dominio, desempeño, social y extrínseco), que a su vez formaron un factor de tercer orden denominado motivación global. Se encontró que los objetivos de dominio, desempeño y extrínseco estaban positivamente relacionados con afecto hacia la escuela. En general, los resultados apoyan la validez intercultural del modelo jerárquico y multidimensional de la motivación de los

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