“…In many studies that have compared undergraduate and graduate students in traditional versus online courses, the outcomes are often measured by student and faculty selfreports, test grades, and final course grades (e.g., Allen et al, 2006;Clark, 2002;Farber, 2013;Fredda, 2000;Hong, 2002;Johnston, 2008;Means et al, 2009;Neuhauser, 2002;Phye, 1997;Richardson, 2004;Van Schaik, Barker, & Beckstrand, 2003;Weiss, Schreuer, Jermias-Cohen, & Josman, 2004). Collectively, these studies' findings revealed no significant difference in learning outcomes between students who were enrolled in traditional and online programs.…”