Student attitudes towards doping in sport: Shifting from repression to tolerance?

Vangrunderbeek, Hans; Tolleneer, Jan

doi:10.1177/1012690210380579

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…In addition, in reviewing the latest scientific literature in this field on attitudes towards doping in elite athletes, it is interesting to observe the emergence of a concept of so-called “false consensus effect” [15], [29], which suggests that athletes who have a history of PED use overestimate the prevalence of drug use among other athletes. Tangen and Breivik [30] also showed that an individual's decision to take banned substances is influenced by the assumption that his or her competitors are also taking drugs [31]. Therefore, it seems clear that if athletes believe that others are taking doping substances, this can push some of them to start using them as well, and this could be like a vicious circle that feeds the pro-doping culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards Doping and Related Experience in Spanish National Cycling Teams According to Different Olympic Disciplines

2013

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Attitudes towards doping are considered an influence of doping intentions. The aims of the present study were 1) to discover and compare the attitudes towards doping among Spanish national team cyclists from different Olympic disciplines, as well as 2) to get some complementary information that could better explain the context. The sample was comprised of seventy-two cyclists: mean age 19.67±4.72 years; 70.8% males (n = 51); from the different Olympic disciplines of Mountain bike -MTB- (n = 18), Bicycle Moto Cross -BMX- (n = 12), Track -TRA- (n = 9) and Road -ROA- (n = 33). Descriptive design was carried out using a validated scale (PEAS). To complement this, a qualitative open-ended questionnaire was used. Overall mean score (17–102) was 36.12±9.39. For different groups, the data were: MTB: 30.28±6.92; BMX: 42.46±10.74; TRA: 43.22±12.00; ROA: 34.91±6.62, respectively. In relation to overall score, significant differences were observed between MTB and BMX (p = 0.002) and between MTB and TRA (p = 0.003). For the open-ended qualitative questionnaire, the most mentioned word associated with “doping” was “cheating” (48.83% of total sample), with “responsible agents of doping” the word “doctor” (52,77%), and with the “main reason for the initiation in doping” the words “sport achievement” (45.83%). The major proposed solution was “doing more doping controls” (43.05%). Moreover, 48.67% stated that there was “a different treatment between cycling and other sports”. This study shows that Spanish national team cyclists from Olympic cycling disciplines, in general, are not tolerant in relation to doping. BMX and Track riders are a little more permissive towards the use of banned substances than MTB and Road. Results from the qualitative open-ended questionnaire showed interesting data in specific questions. These results empower the idea that, apart from maintaining doping controls and making them more efficient, anti-doping education programs are needed from the earliest ages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards Doping and Related Experience in Spanish National Cycling Teams According to Different Olympic Disciplines

2013

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“…Doping as a concept is recent, and its public perception is dynamic 43. If a growing fraction opposes doping today,44 echoing the lay press discourse, there is also a sizeable, more liberal fraction 45. Given the increasing role of technology in sports, an extension of the methods and substances that are forbidden today would seem viable.…”

Section: Five-level Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics of a relaxed antidoping rule accompanied by harm-reduction measures

Kayser

Tolleneer

2017

J Med Ethics

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Harm-reduction approaches are used to reduce the burden of risky human behaviour without necessarily aiming to stop the behaviour. We discuss what an introduction of harm reduction for doping in sports would mean in parallel with a relaxation of the antidoping rule. We analyse what is ethically at stake in the following five levels: (1) What would it mean for the athlete (the self)? (2) How would it impact other athletes (the other)? (3) How would it affect the phenomenon of sport as a game and its fair play basis (the play)? (4) What would be the consequences for the spectator and the role of sports in society (the display)? and (5) What would it mean for what some consider as essential to being human (humanity)? For each level, we present arguments for and against doping and then discuss what a harm-reduction approach, within a dynamic regime of a partially relaxed antidoping rule, could imply. We find that a harm-reduction approach is morally defensible and potentially provides a viable escape out of the impasse resulting from the impossibility of attaining the eradication of doping. The following question remains to be answered: Would a more relaxed position, when combined with harm-reduction measures, indeed have less negative consequences for society than today's all-out antidoping efforts that aim for abstinence? We provide an outline of an alternative policy, allowing a cautious step-wise change to answer this question and then discuss the ethical aspects of such a policy change.

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“…Within this area of research, athlete perspectives are increasingly sought to test or construct theoretical arguments (Lazuras et al 2010, Mazanov and Huybers 2010, Vangrunderbeek and Tolleneer 2011. These attempts to understand individual perspectives on doping within the current policy context are a significant development; whereas early philosophical work dealt with doping in an abstract sense, more recent policy-oriented research has produced empirical data that have improved the understanding of this complex phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While commentaries on current policy are numerous, few scholars have used discourse analysis to deal with this document directly and systematically. Vangrunderbeek and Tolleneer (2011) used discourse analysis in work with human subjects to analyse student attitudes towards doping. Sluggett (2007) analysed the discourse of policy documents as part of a larger study, but these were WADA publications and not the policy itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The normative discourse of anti-doping policy

Jedlicka

2012

International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics

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Despite the progress made towards integrating global anti-doping efforts, the use of performance-enhancing substances in sport remains a legitimate, if misunderstood, concern. While public attitudes have become increasingly tolerant towards methods of performance enhancement in everyday matters, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and its related organizations continue to take a strong prohibitive stance against performance enhancement in sport. This study employs methods of critical discursive analysis in an investigation of the World Anti-Doping Code. While research in this area has become somewhat prolific, systematic analyses of this type are few. The text of the World Anti-Doping Code was analysed for the evidence of discursive themes, which were then combined and interpreted to produce more comprehensive discourses. The findings of this study suggest two major discourses to which the text in question contributes: a discourse of authority, and a normative discourse of sport. These discourses produce a system that makes it easier for WADA to maintain unquestioned authority and use this authority to constrain the conditions under which sport may exist.

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Student attitudes towards doping in sport: Shifting from repression to tolerance?

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Attitudes towards Doping and Related Experience in Spanish National Cycling Teams According to Different Olympic Disciplines

Attitudes towards Doping and Related Experience in Spanish National Cycling Teams According to Different Olympic Disciplines

Ethics of a relaxed antidoping rule accompanied by harm-reduction measures

The normative discourse of anti-doping policy

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