Strut-and-Tie Model for seismic design of confined masonry buildings

Ghaisas, Kunal V.; Basu, Dhiman; Brzev, Svetlana; Gavilán, Juan José Pérez

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.200

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, large openings on the front wall is a prominent feature in older buildings in Indonesia. UNESCO guidelines for school buildings in Iran (Ghaidan 2002) also suggests confinement around openings larger than 2.5 m 2 . Even when such recommendations exist in most countries, this feature is largely absent in non-engineered CM buildings, leading to heavy seismic damage (Brzev et al 2010), a few cases are illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Wall Opening Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and seismic fragility assessment of confined masonry school buildings

Vatteri

D’Ayala

2021

Bull Earthquake Eng

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School buildings being a critical social infrastructure, assessment of their seismic behaviour is of utmost importance in ensuring safe schooling facilities in locations of high seismicity. This study presents two important aspects in analysing any existing building stock for seismic behaviour: the development of an appropriate taxonomy system and an appropriate analytical method to conduct fragility assessment. A detailed desk study of existing schools’ databases and tailored field investigation in Guwahati, Assam, situated in India’s highest seismic zone, reveal that the majority of school buildings can be categorised within the confined masonry (CM) typology. This study discusses first, the addition to the World Bank promoted Global Library of School Infrastructure taxonomy of the specific category relating to CM as to include the buildings under study, which are non-engineered CM buildings with flexible roofs. Identifying the density of confinement and quality of connections as critical parameters for the seismic response of these buildings, varying seismic design levels are defined in relation to these indicators. Secondly, the paper presents an approach for carrying out nonlinear static pushover analysis of these buildings with flexible diaphragms and elaborates on the criteria adopted for determining the performance drift limits in buildings with varying levels of seismic design. Numerical analysis for the capacity assessment of selected index buildings is carried out using a commercial software that enables nonlinear extreme loading analysis. Different failure mechanisms as a function of the level of confinement are identified and the performance range for three damage states for three index buildings is obtained by using the N2 method. The study shows the influence of both choices of performance indicators and intensity measure on the resulting fragility functions. Given the consistency of the educational building stock in Guwahati, the results can be used for investment on retrofit decision making at regional level.

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Section: Wall Opening Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and seismic fragility assessment of confined masonry school buildings

Vatteri

D’Ayala

2021

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…Figs. 1 and 2 based on [2] illustrate strut and tie models for selected confined walls in compression (fig. 1) and compression and shear (fig.…”

Section: Concept Of Building the S-t Model Of The Confined Masonrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reinforced concrete frames in the models are shown in a dark colour, and thicker rods in light grey colour represent the compressed wall. For shear walls with openings described in the paper [2], the analysis of results from numerical calculations was used to assume the wall movement could be modelled along the diagonal when the ratio of masonry height hm to length lm was within the range of 0.3 < hm / lm < 2.0. For walls failing to meet the above criterion (too narrow walls), the structural movement was assumed only towards horizontal loading.…”

Section: Concept Of Building the S-t Model Of The Confined Masonrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of confined masonry with Strut and Tie models

Drobiec

Mazur

Rybarczyk³

2020

MATEC Web Conf.

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Strut & Tie (S-T) models are used quite commonly for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures and in the calculation of masonry structures. Creating the S-T model of the confined masonry is slightly different from models of reinforced concrete or models of classic masonry structures. These models should take into account different stiffness of concrete and masonry. This article proposes a Strut & Tie model for the analysis of confined masonry. The results of calculations were compared with the results of tests of full scale masonry walls with and without opening. Good compliance of the calculation results of S-T models with the test results was obtained.

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“…Also, Kabeyasawa et al [4] proposed a macro model called Three Vertical Line Element Model (TVLEM) for numerical modeling of reinforced concrete shear walls and subsequent development of TVLEM was Multiple-Vertical-Line Element Model (MVLEM) presented by Vulcano et al [5]. Numerical simulations investigating fiber approaches have been carried out by several researchers [6,7]. In this paper, total Lagrangian approach is chosen among main aspects of kinematic descriptions and an approach is improved to handle the problem of field inconsistency found in 2D Timoshenko planar frame elements for large displacements with small strains and separate uniaxial fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed finite element formulation for Timoshenko fiber models based on the local stress field

Yousefi¹,

Esfahani²,

Tavakkolizadeh³

2018

Vib. proced.

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This paper provides a program to adopt based on modeling the nonlinear behavior of arbitrary elements with combination of material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity for the purpose of structures assessment. In this study, total Lagrangian formulation is developed based on separate fibers with uniaxial behavior and interface elements with shear response of local stress field models, simultaneously. The accuracy of the suggested approach is verified through comparison of experimental results and existing analytical methods.

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Strut-and-Tie Model for seismic design of confined masonry buildings

Cited by 30 publications

References 43 publications

Classification and seismic fragility assessment of confined masonry school buildings

Classification and seismic fragility assessment of confined masonry school buildings

Analysis of confined masonry with Strut and Tie models

A mixed finite element formulation for Timoshenko fiber models based on the local stress field

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