Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos Di Perairan Teluk Jakarta

Abstract

Analisis struktur komunitas makrozoobentos dilakukan terkait dengan upaya pemantauan kondisi perairan Teluk Jakarta dengan membagi perairan ini menjadi 4 wilayah, yaitu A, B, C, dan D. Zona A terletak terjauh dari daratan, kurang lebih 20 mil dan wilayah D semakin mendekat daratan dengan jarak kurang lebih 5 mil. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi komposisi jenis, kepadatan, keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dominansi, dan beberapa parameter kualitas perairan yang mendukung seperti kedalaman, suhu, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, salinitas, oksigen terlarut (DO), pH, total organik matter, dan tekstur substrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makrozoobentos yang ditemukan terdiri atas 5 kelas, 42 famili dan 63 genera. Pada wilayah A ditemukan makrozoobentos dari kelas Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, Bivalva, Malacostraca, dan Polychaeta yang didominasi oleh Scaphopoda. Pada wilayah B, C, dan D ditemukan makrozoobentos dari kelas Bivalva, Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, dan Malacostraca, jenis yang mendominasi ke-3 wilayah tersebut adalah Bivalva. Kepadatan makrozoobentos berkisar antara 2,2x103 sampai dengan 3,2x105 ind.m-2. Indeks Keanekaragaman berkisar antara 0,55 sampai dengan 2,95 yang berarti keanekaragaman rendah. Indeks Keseragaman berkisar antara 0,14 sampai dengan 0,79, nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori rendah sampai dengan tinggi. Nilai Indeks Dominansi berkisar antara 0,17 sampai dengan 0,86 yang berarti dominansi rendah sampai dengan tinggi. Dominansi terjadi di wilayah D yaitu di stasiun D4 dengan jenis dominan Donax sp. dari kelas Bivalva. Parameter perairan Teluk Jakarta pada umumnya cukup mendukung untuk kehidupan makroozoobentos. The community structure analysis on macrozoobenthos was conducted in relation to the monitoring action of water condition on Jakarta Bay. The bay was classified into 4 zones, such as A, B, C,and D. The zone A is located approximately 20 miles from land and the zone D is nearest (5 miles) from land. The analysis comprised of species composition, abundance, diversity, homogeneity, dominance, and other parameters of water quality such as depth, temperature, tranparancy, current velocity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, total organic matter, and substrate texture. The results show that there were 5 classes of macrozoobenthos, consisting of 42 families and 63 genera. There were Scaphophods, Gastrophods, Bivalvas, Malacostracans, and Polychaetas found in zone A with regard to Scaphophods domination. There were only Bivalvas, Scaphophods, Gastrophods, and Malacostracans found in zone B, C, and D with regard to Bivalvas domination. The abundance of these macrozoobenthos ranged from 2.215 to 323.100 ind.m-2. The diversity index ranged from 0.55 to 2.95 indicating low diversity. The homogeneity index ranged from 0.14 to 0.79, indicating the low to high category. The dominance index was about 0.17 to 0.86, showing the variety water condition. A species, Donax sp. (Bivalva) was most dominant in Zone D (St D4) The parameters of water qualitying Jakarta Bay might be in general to support the life of macrozoobenthos.

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“…The composition of macrozoobentos found during the study amounted to 11 , macrozoobentos species with a high composition are influenced by the tolerant ability or not of the species as it is known that the tolerance level of Pomacea canaliculata has a tolerance value of 3 [3] , so that the species can quite survive in environments with extreme conditions. In addition, the relative abundance of each species of macrozoobentos can also be caused by the chemical physical factors of the environment in which macrozoobentos live [28] .…”

“…The abundance of macrozoobentos in the waters also depends on its tolerance to environmental changes [23] . Macrozoobentos tolerance values describe whether macrozoobentos are intolerant or tolerant, macrozoobentos tolerance values to environmental changes range from 0-10 [3] . Based on the data in Table 2, the macrozoobentos species with the highest abundance is the pomacea canaliculata species which has a fairly high tolerance value of 3 [3] .…”

“…Biomonitoring in aquatic ecosystems can be done by studying the community of aquatic organisms namely water invertebrates, including macrozoobentos [2] . Macrozoobentos play an important role in freshwater ecosystems related to energy flows and nutrient cycles in the waters [3] . This causes macrozoobentos to have properties that are sensitive to changes in the aquatic environment, so its existence is suitable for use as an indicator organism in the efforts of biomonitoring to be carried out however, in situ Ciburuy has not been conducted effective biomonitoring [4] .…”

Water pollution level of the Upstream Citarum river based on macrozoobenthic family biotic index

“…The FBI value is related to the tolerance level of the macrozoobenthos at each station. The macrozoobenthic tolerance value describes whether the macrozoobenthos is intolerant or tolerant, the tolerance value for macrozoobenthos to environmental changes ranges from 0-10 [9] . In all stations found Lymnaea rubiginosa from the Lymnaeidae family in a high abundance, Lymnaea rubiginosa has a tolerance value of 6.…”

“…Family Biotic Index (FBI) is an index that is used to analyze water quality by taking into the tolerance value of an organism based on its family. The macrozoobenthic tolerance value describes whether the macrozoobenthos is intolerant or tolerant, the tolerance value for macrozoobenthos to environmental changes ranges from 0-10 [9] . FBI values can be used to support and explain the physical and chemical parameter data of waters [10] .…”