INTRODUCTION
Little is known about the relationship between disability and mode of delivery. Prior research has indicated elevated risk of cesarean delivery among women with certain disabilities, but has not examined patterns across multiple types of disability or by parity.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether physical, sensory, or intellectual and developmental disabilities are independently associated with primary cesarean delivery.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all deliveries in California 2000–2010 using linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data. We identified physical, sensory, and intellectual and developmental disabilities using ICD-9 codes. We used logistic regression to examine the association of these disabilities and primary cesarean delivery, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and co-morbidities and stratified by parity.
RESULTS
In our sample, 0.45% (20,894/4,610,955) of deliveries were to women with disabilities. A larger proportion of women with disabilities were nulliparous, had public insurance, and had co-morbidities (e.g., gestational diabetes) compared with women without disabilities (p<0.001 for all). The proportion of primary cesarean in women with disabilities was twice that in women without disabilities (32.7% versus 16.3%, p<0.001; aOR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.94–2.17). The proportion of deliveries by cesarean was highest among women with physical disabilities due to injuries compared with women without disabilities (57.8% versus 16.3%, p<0.001; aOR = 6.83; 95%CI = 5.46–8.53).
CONCLUSION
Women across disability subgroups have higher odds of cesarean delivery, and there is heterogeneity by disability type. More attention is needed to this population to ensure better understanding of care practices that may impact maternal and perinatal outcomes.