Struggling and Flumazenil Effects in the Swimming Test Are Related to the Level of Anxiety in Mice

Ferré, Pilar; Fernandez-Teruel, Alberto; Escorihuela, Rosa M.; García, Eva María Pérez; Zapata, Agustín; Tobeña, Adolf

doi:10.1159/000119058

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…rats trained to discriminate clorazepate from saline extend the cue to include flumazenil [74]. In some situations, flumazenil has been seen to induce agonist or inverse agonist-like effects, depending on the level of threat or stress [75]–[77], and on the strain used [47]. In the present study, the benzodiazepine antagonist was anxiolytic in ABP mice in the elevated plus-maze but had an anxiogenic effect on the B6 mice in the light/dark apparatus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Pharmacological Alterations of Anxious Behaviour in Mice Depending on Both Strain and the Behavioural Situation

et al. 2009

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A previous study comparing non-emotive mice from the strain C57BL/6/ByJ with ABP/Le mice showed ABP/Le to be more anxious in an open-field situation. In the present study, several compounds affecting anxiety were assayed on ABP/Le and C57BL/6/ByJ mice using three behavioural models of anxiety: the elevated plus-maze, the light-dark discrimination test and the free exploratory paradigm. The compounds used were the full benzodiazepine receptor agonist, chlordiazepoxide, and the antagonist, flumazenil, the GABAA antagonist, bicuculline, the full 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT, and the mixed 5-HT1A/5-HT1B agonist, RU 24969. Results showed the effect of the compounds to be dependent on both the strain and the behavioural task. Several compounds found to be anxiolytic in ABP/Le mice had an anxiogenic effect on C57BL/6/ByJ mice. More behavioural changes were observed for ABP/Le in the elevated plus-maze, but the clearest findings for C57BL/6/ByJ mice were observed in the light-dark discrimination apparatus. These data demonstrate that anxious behaviour is a complex phenomenon which cannot be described by a single behavioural task nor by the action of a single compound.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Pharmacological Alterations of Anxious Behaviour in Mice Depending on Both Strain and the Behavioural Situation

et al. 2009

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“… 20 Indeed, other reports comparing behavior in the elevated plus-maze and FST noted more active struggling behavior (defined as “a presence of energetic escape-directed movements”) in the FST in animals characterized as “high anxiety” on the plus-maze, compared to “low anxiety” counterparts. 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiolytic Effects of Buspirone and MTEP in the Porsolt Forced Swim Test

et al. 2017

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Traditionally, a reduction in floating behavior or immobility in the Porsolt forced swim test (FST) is employed as a predictor of antidepressant efficacy. However, over the past several years, our studies of alcohol withdrawal-induced negative affect consistently indicate the coincidence of increased anxiety-related behaviors on various behavioral tests with reduced immobility in the FST. Further, this behavioral profile correlates with increased mGlu5 protein expression within limbic brain regions. As the role for mGlu5 in anxiety is well established, we hypothesized that the reduced immobility exhibited by alcohol-withdrawn mice when tested in the FST might reflect anxiety, possibly a hyper-reactivity to the acute swim stressor. Herein, we evaluated whether or not the decreased FST immobility during alcohol withdrawal responds to systemic treatment with a behaviorally-effective dose of the prototypical anxiolytic, buspirone (5 mg/kg). We also determined the functional relevance of the withdrawal-induced increase in mGlu5 expression for FST behavior by comparing the effects of buspirone to a behaviorally effective dose of the mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator MTEP (3 mg/kg). Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a 14-day, multi-bottle, binge-drinking protocol that elicits hyper-anxiety and increases glutamate-related protein expression during early withdrawal. Control animals received only water. At 24hr withdrawal, animals from each drinking condition were subdivided into groups and treated with an IP injection of buspirone, MTEP, or vehicle, 30min prior to the FST. Drug effects on general locomotor activity were also assessed. As we reported previously, alcohol-withdrawn animals exhibited significantly reduced immobility in the FST compared to water controls. Both buspirone and MTEP significantly increased immobility in alcohol-withdrawn animals, with a modest increase also seen in water controls. No significant group differences were observed for locomotor activity, indicating that neither anxiolytic was sedating. These results provide predictive validity for increased swimming/reduced immobility in the FST as a model of anxiety and provide novel evidence in favor of mGlu5 inhibition as an effective therapeutic strategy for treating hyperanxiety during alcohol withdrawal.

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“…Climbing the walls of the container by moving the four paws in an uncoordinated way can be considered as a panic symptom. Finally, movements aimed at simple floating was evaluated as an index of resignation (i.e., typical aspect of a depression-like profile) [23].…”

Section: Forced Swimming Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-Vesicles of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Heterozygous Rats for DAT Gene: Effects of Oral Intake on Behavioral Profile and Hematological Parameters

Buccheri

Festucci

Potestà

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Previous studies have shown multiple biological properties of Moringa oleifera, a plant native to Africa and Asia. In the present study, potential physiological properties of microvesicles extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds were assessed. For this purpose, we investigated behavioral profile and hematological parameters in a recent rat model characterized by dysregulation in dopamine transporter, a key regulator of dopaminergic system. Experimental design consisted of male Wistar-DAT rats aged between two and four months: wild-type (WT) (n = 5) and heterozygous (DATHET) (n = 4) control groups, which drank tap water; WT (n = 5) and DATHET (n = 6) groups which drank a solution of Moringa microvesicles and water (2: 68 mL per day), which was orally administered for two months. Rats were monitored for spontaneous locomotor activity on a 24/7 basis. In the early lit hours, treated DATHET subjects showed higher locomotor activity, proposing a sleep-delay effect of Moringa. In forced swimming test, WT subjects who took Moringa exhibited more depressive behavior. In DATHET rats, Moringa seemed to potentiate the struggle to find a way out, counteracting an initial panic. Hemoglobin and hematocrit underwent opposite changes in either genotype, supporting the opposite effects on behavioral phenotype observed. Future work is clearly needed to further explore these preliminary profiles.

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Struggling and Flumazenil Effects in the Swimming Test Are Related to the Level of Anxiety in Mice

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Pharmacological Alterations of Anxious Behaviour in Mice Depending on Both Strain and the Behavioural Situation

Pharmacological Alterations of Anxious Behaviour in Mice Depending on Both Strain and the Behavioural Situation

Anxiolytic Effects of Buspirone and MTEP in the Porsolt Forced Swim Test

Micro-Vesicles of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Heterozygous Rats for DAT Gene: Effects of Oral Intake on Behavioral Profile and Hematological Parameters

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