Structures, Sources, Identification/Quantification Methods, Health Benefits, Bioaccessibility, and Products of Isorhamnetin Glycosides as Phytonutrients

Abstract

In recent years, people have tended to consume phytonutrients and nutrients in their daily diets. Isorhamnetin glycosides (IGs) are an essential class of flavonoids derived from dietary and medicinal plants such as Opuntia ficus-indica, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Ginkgo biloba. This review summarizes the structures, sources, quantitative and qualitative analysis technologies, health benefits, bioaccessibility, and marketed products of IGs. Routine and innovative assay methods, such as IR, TLC, NMR, UV, MS, HPLC, UPLC, and HSCCC, have been widely used for the characterization and quantification of IGs. All of the therapeutic effects of IGs discovered to date are collected and discussed in this study, with an emphasis on the relevant mechanisms of their health-promoting effects. IGs exhibit diverse biological activities against cancer, diabetes, hepatic diseases, obesity, and thrombosis. They exert therapeutic effects through multiple networks of underlying molecular signaling pathways. Owing to these benefits, IGs could be utilized to make foods and functional foods. IGs exhibit higher bioaccessibility and plasma concentrations and longer average residence time in blood than aglycones. Overall, IGs as phytonutrients are very promising and have excellent application potential.

Contribution of Phenolic Compounds to the Antioxidant Activity of Leaf and Flower Extracts of Sinapis pubescens L. subsp. pubescens (Brassicaceae)

“…The greatest activity highlighted for the flower Spp-ETAC fraction could be related to the presence of Isorhamnetin derivatives, particularly of Isorhamnetin glucoside, not detected in the other characterized fractions; indeed, several in vitro and in vivo investigations have demonstrated the strong antioxidant and radical-scavenging properties of Isorhamnetin glucosides, supporting their use as phytonutrients. [32] In a previous study conducted by Jia and colleagues, 1-O-Feruloyl-β-D-glucose was shown to exhibit weak DPPH radical scavenging ability and moderate reducing power; this could explain the lower antioxidant properties of the leaf Spp-ETAC fraction, despite the high quantity of 1-O-Feruloyl-β-D-glucose, equal to about onethird of the total content of phenolic compounds detected in the fraction. [33] On the other hand, phenolic-rich fractions did not display any ferrous ion chelating activity, which instead was highlighted for the more hydrophobic ones.…”

Chemical Constituents of Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): A Comprehensive Review on Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds and Their Bioactivity

“…Similar to quercetin, isorhamnetin is found bound to saccharides, and in stinging nettle, it is found as isorhamnetin-3- O -glucoside and isorhamnetin-3- O -rutinoside (glycoside of isorhamnetin and α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranose). Isorhamnetin has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects [ 136 ]. Similarly to quercetin, isorhamnetin is an effective ROS and free radical scavenger.…”

Combined Microbial Fermentation Converts Bioactive Compounds in Nitraria Tangutorum Bobrov Fruit and Displays its Antidiabetic Potential

“…Rutin exhibits antidiabetic properties by inhibiting small intestine carbohydrate absorption, increasing tissue glucose consumption, and stimulating insulin secretion [52]. Some isorhamnetin glycosides exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antidiabetic activities [53]. Diosmetin 7-rutinoside is also named diosmin, which has demonstrated its ability to lower plasma glucose levels and increase plasma insulin levels in diabetic rats.…”