Structures of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids with Potential Anti-Cancer Activity in Bran of Black Non-Glutinous Rice

Suttiarporn, Panawan; Chumpolsri, Watcharapong; Mahatheeranont, Sugunya; Luangkamin, Suwaporn; Teepsawang, Somsuda; Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra

doi:10.3390/nu7031672

Cited by 133 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Extracts of red rice have been shown to limit the invasiveness of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner (Pintha et al, 2014). The phytosterols 24-methylenecycloartanol, β-sitosterol, gramisterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, cycloeucalenol, 24-methylene-ergosta-5-en-3β-ol, and 24-methylene-ergosta-7-en-3β-ol, all of which are present in extracts of black rice bran, have also been reported to be effective as agents restricting the proliferation of murine leukemic cells (Suttiarporn et al, 2015). Consequently, one of the longterm strategies proposed by Luo et al (2014) to prevent breast cancer metastasis relies on the inclusion of pigmented rice in the human diet.…”

Section: Anti-cancer Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Basis and Nutritional Benefits of Pigmented Rice Grain

et al. 2020

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Improving the nutritional quality of rice grains through modulation of bioactive compounds and micronutrients represents an efficient means of addressing nutritional security in societies which depend heavily on rice as a staple food. White rice makes a major contribution to the calorific intake of Asian and African populations, but its nutritional quality is poor compared to that of pigmented (black, purple, red orange, or brown) variants. The compounds responsible for these color variations are the flavonoids anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin, which are known to have nutritional value. The rapid progress made in the technologies underlying genome sequencing, the analysis of gene expression and the acquisition of global 'omics data, genetics of grain pigmentation has created novel opportunities for applying molecular breeding to improve the nutritional value and productivity of pigmented rice. This review provides an update on the nutritional value and health benefits of pigmented rice grain, taking advantage of both indigenous and modern knowledge, while also describing the current approaches taken to deciphering the genetic basis of pigmentation.

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Section: Anti-cancer Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Basis and Nutritional Benefits of Pigmented Rice Grain

et al. 2020

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“…Their in vitro bioaccessibility, defined as the ratio between its concentrations in the undigested and digested samples, is the unity. This is an important fact because beneficial biological activities have been attributed to these compounds [30,37].…”

Section: In Vitro Bioaccessibility Of Some Minor Components Of Virginmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Study by 1H NMR Spectroscopy and SPME-GC/MS of the in Vitro Digestion of Virgin Flaxseed Oil Enriched or not with Mono-, Di- or Tri-Phenolic Derivatives. Antioxidant Efficiency of These Compounds

2020

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The effect of enriching virgin flaxseed oil with dodecyl gallate, hydroxytyrosol acetate or gamma-tocopherol on its in vitro digestion is studied by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance and solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The extent and pattern of the lipolysis reached in each sample is analyzed, as is the bioaccessibility of the main oil components. None of the phenolic compounds provokes inhibition of the lipase activity and all of them reduce the lipid oxidation degree caused by the in vitro digestion and the bioaccessibility of oxidation compounds. The antioxidant efficiency of the three tested phenols is in line with the number of phenolic groups in its molecule, and is dose-dependent. The concentration of some minor oil components such as terpenes, sesquiterpenes, cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartenol is not modified by in vitro digestion. Contrarily, gamma-tocopherol shows very low in vitro bioaccessibility, probably due to its antioxidant behavior, although this increases with enrichment of the phenolic compounds. Oxidation is produced during in vitro digestion even in the presence of a high concentration of gamma-tocopherol, which remains bioaccessible after digestion in the enriched samples of this compound.

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“…TU-093 was also higher in γ-oryzanol than the RD6 or KDML105 check varieties, by 4.5 to 85.2 times ( Figure 3B). Vegetarian diets that are high in phytosterols are associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer [23]. β-sitosterol and campesterol are the predominant and most common sterols found in rice [8,14,35], and these fat-soluble compounds were the focus of our study.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its analysis can support the improvement of the nutritional value of rice and the development of materials with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Previous studies have reported variability in the fat-soluble content of rice and its coproducts, but these have examined only a subset of genotypes, most of which are commercial cultivars of Thai rice [22][23][24]. The genetic diversity of rice germplasms is important when categorizing sources of variation or identifying genotypes with superior nutraceutical lipid contents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variability in Nutraceutical Lipid Content of Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) Germplasms

et al. 2019

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains many high-value nutritional compounds, including nutraceutical lipid compounds that offer health benefits. An understanding of the genetic variability in the lipid contents of different rice germplasms is necessary to support breeding programs. The goals of this study were: i) to investigate varietal differences in levels of the nutraceutical lipid α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, octacosanol, and squalene and ii) to identify clusters of rice germplasms based on their lipid contents. Eighty-three indica rice subspecies were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Research was conducted in Thailand during the 2016 rice-growing season. Significant differences were found among genotypes across all traits. The largest variation was found for β-sitosterol, followed by campesterol, octacosanol, and α-tocopherol. Variation in squalene content was small. Four principal components were found that accounted for 93.47% of overall variability. β-sitosterol, campesterol, and squalene were the principal discriminatory constituents. No significant correlation was found between color parameters and levels of these compounds, suggesting that former are of little use as an indirect marker for selection of fat-soluble nutraceuticals. Cluster analysis sorted the germplasm into nine clusters, based on their nutraceutical lipid content. TU-010, TU-027, TU-093, and TU-244 genotypes had the highest levels, making them a potentially useful genetic resource in breeding programs for nutraceutically-improved rice. The findings of this study can support the introduction of novel rice varieties with high added-value bioactive properties.world might be associated with the high-value antioxidants that rice contains [3]. However, as dietary patterns have become more Western-oriented, consumption of rice has been decreasing. Policies that increase rice consumption can contribute to solving the economic problems of rural communities. One approach is the development of novel rice varieties with improved nutritional and bioactive properties [4].Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains more than a hundred bioactive compounds, including phytic acid, isovitexin, flavonoids, phenolics, polyphenols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanins, and previously unknown compounds have been characterized and quantified in the rice germplasm [5][6][7][8]. Rice also has a high level of nutraceutical lipid compounds, such as tocopherol, tocotrienol, phytosterols, γ-oryzanol, octacosanol, and squalene, which are known to be powerful antioxidants [9,10]. These are potential inhibitors of cholesterol oxidation, have been shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels in animals, and are effective in treating anxiety neurosis, menopausal disorders, inflammatory diseases, and in inhibiting tumor growth [11][12][13]. These bioactive lipid compounds are concentrated in the rice germ or bran and are lost during milling or polishing [14]. Most consumers also prefer the palatability of milled or white rice, wh...

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Structures of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids with Potential Anti-Cancer Activity in Bran of Black Non-Glutinous Rice

Cited by 133 publications

References 31 publications

The Genetic Basis and Nutritional Benefits of Pigmented Rice Grain

The Genetic Basis and Nutritional Benefits of Pigmented Rice Grain

A Global Study by 1H NMR Spectroscopy and SPME-GC/MS of the in Vitro Digestion of Virgin Flaxseed Oil Enriched or not with Mono-, Di- or Tri-Phenolic Derivatives. Antioxidant Efficiency of These Compounds

Variability in Nutraceutical Lipid Content of Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) Germplasms

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