Structures of Peptidoglycans of Propionibacterium

Abstract

Certain anaerobic coryneforms such as Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum have been shown to have potent adjuvant and antitumor activities in experimental systems (I, 6, 10). In our previous papers, it was shown that the cell walls of P. acnes, P. granulosum, and P. avidum are adjuvants and antitumor agents (5), and that the peptidoglycan of P. acnes plays an important role in these biological activities (9).Recently, the anaerobic "Corynebacterium" species were classified as Propionibacterium (4,8), and a few studies on the biochemical taxonomy of Propionibacterium were carried out (II, 12). We have reported that the peptidoglycan of P. acnes contains glycine in two different linkages, and should be classified as a new type (9). In the present work, we studied the chemical composition and the structure of peptidoglycans of various species of Propionibacterium and C. paroum for their biochemical taxonomy.The strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii IFO 12424, Propionibacterium shermanii IFO 12426, and Propionibacterium technicum IFO 12428 were kindly supplied by the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka. The cells were anaerobically cultured at 30 C for 4 days in thioglycollate medium (Eiken Kagaku Co., Ltd.), killed by heating at 80 C for I hr, collected by centrifugation and washed with water three times. The cells of Propionibacterium avidum ATCC 25577, Propionibacterium granulosum ATCC 24464, and Propionibacterium acnes C7 were prepared as described previously (5). The cells of Corynebacterium parvum 1M 1585 were kindly supplied by Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The cell walls of P. freudenreichii and other bacteria were prepared by a method similar to that described previously (9). Peptidoglycans were obtained from the cell walls by treatment with 5% trichloroacetic acid at 60 C for 24 hr. Other materials and methods used in this study were described previously (9).The amino acid and amino sugar composition of peptidoglycans of Propionibacterium and C. parvum are summarized in Table I. The peptidoglycans of P. freudenreichii and P. shermanii were composed of glutamic acid, alanine, diaminopimelic acid, muramic acid, and glucosamine. On the other hand, the constituents 635

Arthropathic properties of cell wall polymers from normal flora bacteria

“…Left ankles received PBS alone and did not become inflamed (data not shown). Joint inflammation induced by group A streptococcal PG-PS was significantly more severe than that induced by group D streptococcal PG-PS on the days indicated by asterisks (12 rats per group, diaminopimelic acid, recent reports indicate that this PG is directly cross-linked (24,25). M. formicicum cell walls contain pseudomurein instead of the conventional PG structure, which has L-N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid instead of D-N-acetylmuramic acid, and also contains no D-amino acids (26,28).…”

“…Histologic appearance of ankle joints prepared from rats sacrificed at intervals after the i.p. injection of group A or group D (F- 24) streptococcal PG-PS (magnification, x 120 for all photomicrographs). (a) Acute exudative reaction 3 days after group A streptococcal PG-PS injection.…”

“…Whole cells persist for long periods in vivo (38) and in macrophages in vitro (33), which correlates with the in vitro resistance of the PG-PS to lysozyme digestion. P. acnes cell walls share other properties with group A streptococcal PG-PS, including adjuvanticity (3,24), mitogenicity (4), and activation of the alternate complement pathway (45). In contrast to group A streptococcal PG, Webster et al (45) found that P. acnes PG was not responsible for the complement-activating activity of cell walls.…”

Adaptation of acneic and non acneic strains of Cutibacterium acnes to sebum‐like environment

“…In addition, whereas it was showing a very acid character and then surface charges when it was grown in BHI, in RCM it was neither basic nor acid, suggesting a total absence of ionized residues. Surface acidic polysaccharides (Nagaoka et al, 1985), peptidoglycans (Kamisango, Fujii, Yanagihara, Mifuchi, & Azuma, 1983), lipoglycans (Whale, Sutcliffe, Morrisson, Pretswell, & Emmison, 2004), and proteins (Yu et al, 2015) have been identified in C. acnes but its cell wall lipidome remains poorly documented. This study suggests that apolar residues should represent the essential of the surface in acneic C. acnes strains and this character should be regulated by the microenvironment.…”

Paracrystalline surface layers of dairy propionibacteria

“…The cell wall composition of these species has been studied to a limited extent (1,8,20). Two types of peptidoglycans have been observed in propionibacteria; these peptidoglycans differ in the nature of their interpeptide bridges (glycine or direct linkage) and in the optical isomers of their diaminopimelic acids (mesoor LL-diaminopimelic acid) (8,20). To our knowledge, other cell wall components have not been investigated.…”