Structures evolution along strike-slip fault zones: The role of rheology revealed by PIV analysis of analog modeling

Venâncio, Marilia Barbosa; Silva, Fernando César Alves da

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229764

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In the experiments, Riedel shears formed first followed by the development of P Shears, which linked the Riedel shears to form a single, continuous fault that localized over the central discontinuity at the base of the sandbox. The development of structures in regions of localized deformation are consistent with many similar analog modeling and field studies on the evolution of strike‐slip faults (Dooley & Schreurs, 2012; Lefevre et al., 2020; Naylor et al., 1986; Riedel, 1929; Ritter et al., 2018; Schrank & Cruden, 2010; Schrank et al., 2008; Tchalenko, 1970; Venâncio & de Silva, 2023; Wilcox et al., 1973). The single faults that developed above the basal discontinuity in Experiment A, and in the localized regions of simple shear in Experiments C, D, and E (Figures 4–6), accommodated the bulk of the deformation within these regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The Development of Fault Networks at the Termination of Continental Transform Faults When Their Connecting Plate Boundary Is “Misaligned”

Withers,

Cruden,

Quigley

2023

Tectonics

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We report the results of a series of scaled laboratory experiments that investigate the development of fault systems in plate boundary transition zones, where deformation is distributed between a continental transform fault (e.g., Alpine Fault, New Zealand; North Anatolian Fault (NAF), Turkey; San Andreas Fault (SAF), USA) and its connecting plate boundary. In these transition zones, continental transform faults are observed to branch into multiple subsidiary faults. Here we show that large‐scale transition zone fault networks comprise crustal‐scale Riedel shears that develop sequentially outwards and away from the parent transform fault. Such fault networks form within brittle upper crust that overlies a ductile lower crust that deforms by large‐scale distributed simple shear. We argue that large‐scale distributed deformation of the lower crust occurs when continental transform faults are “misaligned” relative to their connecting plate boundaries. This misalignment may occur: (a) where a transform fault does not directly connect with a convergent or divergent plate boundary, as in the northern termination of the Alpine Fault and the western termination of the NAF; and (b) where a significant bend in the transform fault occurs in the plate boundary transition zone, as in the southern termination of the SAF. The development of such plate boundary misalignments appears to occur when a plate boundary transition zone develops as a continental transform fault propagates toward a different type of “connecting” plate boundary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The Development of Fault Networks at the Termination of Continental Transform Faults When Their Connecting Plate Boundary Is “Misaligned”

Withers,

Cruden,

Quigley

2023

Tectonics

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“…Furthermore, the occurrence of these elements has a certain sequence, such as in a Riedel shear model (Tchalenko, 1970;Dooley and Schreurs, 2012). For instance, synthetic Frontiers in Earth Science frontiersin.org shear (R), secondary synthetic shear (P), and low-angle shear (Y) appear successively, and antithetic (R′) shear is usually rare in nature (Keller et al, 1982;Sylvester, 1988;Venâncio and da Silva, 2023). A typical pattern of a principal displacement zone is composed of R, P, and R′ shears (e.g., Figure 11D).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation and lateral growth of intracratonic strike-slip faults in the northern Tarim Basin, NW China: influences on Ordovician fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs

Deng,

Chen,

Cao

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Intracratonic strike-slip faults have been recognized as a major factor controlling the formation of fracture-cave carbonate reservoirs in deep buried basins, yet which properties and how the strike-slip faults influence reservoir distribution and their connectivity are still ambiguous. This uncertainty significantly restricts hydrocarbon exploration and development, such as in the Fuman oilfield, northern Tarim Basin, NW China. Using a high-resolution 3D seismic reflection survey and borehole data, we investigated the geometry and kinematic evolution of the FI17 fault zone in the Fuman oilfield. This fault zone is characterized by a single fault zone, pop-up or pull-apart structures, right-stepping en echelon normal faults, and much smaller displacement (<30 m) normal fault arrays from bottom to top. The FI17 fault zone consists of four genetic segments, including the extensional strike-slip duplex, Riedel left-lateral shear, right-stepping horsetail splay, and horizontal slip segments in map view. In particular, the formation of the ∼18 km Riedel shear zone is characterized by the growth and linkage of segmented shear faults (synthetic and secondary synthetic shears). We observed that the large-scale fault-controlled fracture-cave reservoirs are distributed in positions with wider fault zones, which are characterized by overlapping of neighboring secondary shear faults. Furthermore, the reservoir width examined in this study is natural logarithmic correlated (positively) to the fault zone width. The reservoirs linked by the same shear faults show better internal connectivity. The spatial coherence between fault geometry and reservoir features indicates that segmentation and lateral growth of intracratonic strike-slip faults controls the occurrence of fracture-cave reservoirs, which may provide support for reservoir prediction in the Fuman oilfield and other deeply buried fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs in general.

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“…Two models for fault growth, namely propagation and constant-length growth models, have been proposed and are suitable for all types of faults, including normal faults (Rotevatn et al, 2019, and references therein), reverse faults (Tavani et al, 2006;Hughes and Shaw, 2014), and strike-slip faults (Fedorik et al, 2019;Venâncio and da Silva, 2023). These growth models can be graphically represented using a directed graph model, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Directed Graphical Model For Representing Fault Growth Mec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating probabilistic graphical models, information theory, and the principle of increase of entropy for quantifying and analyzing the uncertainty in fault interpretation

Lei

2023

Preprint

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Fault interpretation in geology inherently involves uncertainty, and there is a growing need to develop methods to quantify and analyze this uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that integrates Markov chains, graph theory, information theory, and the principle of increase of entropy to comprehensively analyze uncertainty in fault interpretation and its geological implications. Our framework provides a more complete and quantitative approach compared to traditional methods, we show how entropy can quantify the uncertainty in fault interpretation and kinematic analysis results, be interpreted for faulting analysis, and analyze fault network evolution using the principle of increase of entropy. Our findings suggest that entropy can be used as a metric to compare different fault networks, and it provides a measure of the total available evolutionary paths for a fault network, enabling quantification of uncertainty in fault kinematic analysis results. The integration of these tools provides a powerful approach for quantifying and analyzing the uncertainty in fault interpretation, which can enhance our understanding of the geological implications of uncertainty and enable geologists to analyze fault networks in a more quantitative manner.

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Structures evolution along strike-slip fault zones: The role of rheology revealed by PIV analysis of analog modeling

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

The Development of Fault Networks at the Termination of Continental Transform Faults When Their Connecting Plate Boundary Is “Misaligned”

The Development of Fault Networks at the Termination of Continental Transform Faults When Their Connecting Plate Boundary Is “Misaligned”

Segmentation and lateral growth of intracratonic strike-slip faults in the northern Tarim Basin, NW China: influences on Ordovician fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs

Integrating probabilistic graphical models, information theory, and the principle of increase of entropy for quantifying and analyzing the uncertainty in fault interpretation

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