Structured Reporting and Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Radiology: Where Are We Going?

“…Due to technological issues and a lack of interaction with the current reporting systems, the use of structured reports is still not common in clinical practice [ 95 ]. Natural language processing, often known as text mining, is an AI-based task that combines linguistics, statistics, and DL-models to evaluate free-form text [ 96 , 97 ]: this procedure results in each part having a structured format, with a predetermined arrangement and nomenclature [ 95 ].…”

“…The first phase of natural language processing is feature extraction, which consists of segmentation, sentence splitting, and tokenization [ 96 ]: the goal is not to create a simple quantitative report like the blood analysis model, but rather a truly informative report, combining quantitative parameters with radiologist findings. The process of separating radiological reports into their component parts is referred to as “segmentation.” The terms “sentence splitting” and “tokenization” are used to describe this process [ 97 ].…”

“…ML previously required training labeled data to create a relationship between the extracted features and a predetermined class: in this situation, the classifier’s performance is highly dependent on the training set [ 99 ]. Recurrent neural networks are DL models used to process natural language processing characteristics, because they handle sequential information, and are appropriate in NLP, as sentences are collections of words [ 96 ].…”

“…The main applications of natural language processing include the identification and classification of results, the automatic elaboration of diagnostic recommendations, and diagnostic surveillance and identification of cases for potential research studies [ 96 ].…”

AI to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of public services

“…For instance, the Council of Europe (COE) considers AI as "a young discipline of about sixty years, which brings together sciences, theories and techniques (including mathematical logic, statistics, probabilities, computational neurobiology and computer science) and whose goal is to achieve the imitation by a machine of the cognitive abilities of a human being" (Council of Europe, n.d.). First, AI consists of a large area of study in the field of computer science (Fanni, Gabelloni, Alberich-Bayarri, & Neri, 2022). Second, AI is often compared to human capacity.…”