Structured Polyaniline: An Efficient and Durable Electrocatalyst for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media

Yu, Jiali; Li, Jian; Zhu, Xiaojuan; Zhang, Xiaoxue; Jia, Kun; Kong, Wenhan; Wei, Peipei; Chen, Hongyu; Shi, Xifeng; Asiri, Abdullah M.; Li, Quan; Sun, Xuping

doi:10.1002/celc.201900320

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…[22] The basic reaction for this process can be expressed as Equation (4) derived from Equations (2) and (3). [23,24] Anode :…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the process of electrochemical synthesis of NH 3 , the required input is N 2 , water, and electric energy . The basic reaction for this process can be expressed as Equation derived from Equations

true Anode : 3 normalH_{2} normalO \to 3 / 2 normalO_{2} + 6 normalH^{+} + 6 normale^{-}

true Cathode : normalN_{2} + 6 normalH^{+} + 6 normale^{-} \to 2 NH_{3}

true Overall : normalN_{2} + 3 normalH_{2} normalO \to 3 / 2 normalO_{2} + 2 NH_{3}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Progress of Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis Through Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Under Ambient Conditions

et al. 2020

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chnology.S he received her bachelor's degree from Jining university,P .R. China. Her research focuses on the electrocatalytic NH 3 synthesis at ambient conditions. Dr.T ingli Ma received her Ph.D. degree in 1999 from Department of Chemistry,F aculty of Science of Kyushu University,J apan. She then joined the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Te chnology (AIST,J apan) as aP ostdoctoral Researcher from 1999 to 2004. She worked as ap rofessor at the Dalian University of Te chnology from 2007-2018. She is working at the Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology,J apan and China Jiliang University.S he leads research teams studying inorganic and organic solar cells, such as dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells, and other related projects including development of catalysts, hydrogen production, functional dyes, and nano-sized semiconducting materials. Dr.M ah as published more than 200 papers in peer-reviewed journals. Figure 1. Schemeo fe lectrochemicalcell for NH 3 production by electrocatalytic NRR. [30] Published with permission. CopyrightE lsevier,2 018.

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“…[22] The basic reaction for this process can be expressed as Equation (4) derived from Equations (2) and (3). [23,24] Anode :…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

true Anode : 3 normalH_{2} normalO \to 3 / 2 normalO_{2} + 6 normalH^{+} + 6 normale^{-}

true Cathode : normalN_{2} + 6 normalH^{+} + 6 normale^{-} \to 2 NH_{3}

true Overall : normalN_{2} + 3 normalH_{2} normalO \to 3 / 2 normalO_{2} + 2 NH_{3}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Progress of Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis Through Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Under Ambient Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…Very recently, the structured polyaniline was also proposed and conducted at e‐NRR with an remarkable catalytic performance. [ 164 ]…”

Section: Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Electrocatalysts for Efficient Nitrogen Reduction Reaction under Ambient Condition

Liu

Chen

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

154

120

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As one of the most important chemicals and an energy carrier, synthetic ammonia has been widely studied to meet the increasing demand. Among various strategies, electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e‐NRR) is a promising way because of its green nature and easy set‐up on large‐scale. However, its practical application is extremely limited because of the very‐low production rate, which is strongly dependent on the electrocatalysts used. Therefore, searching novel efficient electrocatalysts for e‐NRR is essential to promote the technology. In this review, it highlights the insights on the mechanism for the NH3 electrochemical synthesis, recommend a reliable protocol for the ammonia detection, and systematically summarize the recent development on novel electrocatalysts, including noble metal‐based materials, single‐metal‐atom catalysts, non‐noble metal, and their compounds, and metal‐free materials, for efficient e‐NRR in both experimental and theoretical studies. Various strategies to improve the catalytic performance by increasing exposed active sites or tuning electronic structures, including surface control, defect engineering, and hybridization, are carefully discussed. Finally, perspectives and challenges are outlined. It can be expected that this review provides insightful guidance on the development of advanced catalytic systems to produce ammonia through N2 reduction.

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“…Conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PAN), polypyrrole (PPY) and polythiophene (PTH) also attract attention in the applications of electrocatalysts 77,78 . In our study 79 , PAN was electrochemically deposited on carbon paper (PAN/CP). The existence of pyridinic and pyrrolic N play an important role in the electrocatalytic activity of N-doped carbon frameworks 75,80 .…”

Section: Organic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Metal-Free Electrocatalysts toward Ambient N2 Reduction Reaction

Xu¹,

Ma²,

Liang³

et al. 2020

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

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NH3 plays an important role in modern society as an essential building block in the manufacture of fertilizers, aqueous ammonia, plastics, explosives, and dyes. Additionally, it is regarded as a green alternative fuel, owing to its carbon-free nature, large hydrogen capacity, high energy density, and easy transportation. The Haber-Bosch process plays a dominant role in global NH3 synthesis; however, it involves high pressure and temperature and employs N2 and H2 as feeding gases, thus suffering from high energy consumption and substantial CO2 emission. As a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process, electrochemical N2 reduction enables sustainable and environmentally benign NH3 synthesis under ambient conditions. Moreover, its applied potential is compatible with intermittent solar, wind, and other renewable energies. However, efficient electrocatalysts are required to drive N2-to-NH3 conversion because of the extremely inert N≡N bond. To date, significant efforts have been made to explore high-performance catalysts with high efficiency and selectivity. Generally, noble-metal catalysts exhibit efficient performance for the NRR, but their scarcity and high cost limit their large-scale application. Therefore, considerable attention has been focused on earth-abundant transition-metal (TM) catalysts that can use empty or unoccupied orbitals to accept the lone-pair electrons of N2, while donating the abundant d-orbital electrons to the antibonding orbitals of N2. However, these catalysts may release metal ions, leading to environmental pollution. Most of these TM electrocatalysts may also favor the formation of TM-H bonds, facilitating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during the electrocatalytic reaction. Recent years have seen a surge in the exploration of metal-free catalysts (MFCs). MFCs mainly include carbonbased catalysts (CBCs) and some boron-based and phosphorus-based catalysts. Generally, CBCs exhibit a porous structure and high surface area, which are favorable for exposing more active sites and providing rich accessible channels for mass/electron transfer. Moreover, the Lewis acid sites of most metal-free compounds could accept the lone-pair electron of N2 and adsorb N2 molecules by forming nonmetal-N bonds, further widening their potential for electrocatalytic NRR. Compared with metal-based catalysts, the occupied orbitals of metal-free catalysts can only form covalent bonds or conjugated π bonds, hindering electron donation from the electrocatalyst to N2 and molecular activation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the design and development of metal-free electrocatalysts (MFCs) for the ambient NRR, including carbon-based catalysts, boron-based catalysts, and phosphorus-based catalysts. In particular, heteroatom doping (N, O, S, B, P, F, and co-dopants), organic polymers, carbon nitride, and defect engineering are highlighted. We also discuss strategies to boost NRR performance and provide an outlook on the development perspectives of MFCs.

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Structured Polyaniline: An Efficient and Durable Electrocatalyst for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Current Progress of Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis Through Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Under Ambient Conditions

Current Progress of Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis Through Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Under Ambient Conditions

Development of Electrocatalysts for Efficient Nitrogen Reduction Reaction under Ambient Condition

Recent Progress in Metal-Free Electrocatalysts toward Ambient N2 Reduction Reaction

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