Structured Lipid Containing Behenic Acid Versus Orlistat for Weight Loss: An Experimental Study in Mice

Silva, Reginaldo Marques da; Zarricueta, Melina Luzzi; Moreira, Débora Kono Taketa; Rizzardi, Karina Ferreira; Parisotto, Thaís Manzano; Gandra, Renata Luana de Pádua; Zuin, Julia Cristina; Caria, Cíntia Rabelo e Paiva; Macedo, Juliana Alves; Macedo, Gabriela Alves; Gambero, Alessandra

doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100213

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The decrease of HDL anti-atherogenic cholesterol in the OB group may predispose the vessel to atherogenesis, which can explain the interplay between obesity, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. We observed a significant increase of HDL level in the OB/OR group compared to the OB group consistent with previous studies [12,44], suggesting the lower atherosclerosis risk found in this group. The similar finding on the increased HDL level is also found in humans, as reported by a previous study [45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Orlistat has shown its significant decreasing effect towards these lipid profile levels in the OB/OR group when compared to the OB group. This finding indicates that besides reducing the body weight, orlistat has also been shown to alter the levels of isolated lipid fractions as a result from its inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity [12], which in turn decreases the free fatty acids absorbance at the intestinal level. The orlistat binds covalently to serine residue of active site on lipase enzyme and reduces its activity [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Orlistat acts selectively towards gastrointestinal lipase by preventing the hydrolysis of ingested dietary fat into absorbable free fatty acids and glycerol [10]. For this reason, orlistat has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving obesity parameters such as BMI, lipid profiles, white adipocyte size, and fecal fat excretion in animal models, as well as the complications of obesity such as metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction in human [11][12][13]. Considering its easy availability, cost effectiveness, and significant effect on reducing weight, orlistat has become a standard drug and is the most used obesity drug in the wider population with obesity in comparison to other drugs such as sibutramine, which has been shown to cause adverse cardiovascular effects, as well as phentermine and diethylpropion, which have sympathomimetic effects and only subjected for short term management [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Orlistat on Obesity-Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress Rat Model

et al. 2021

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Obesity is typically linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, which lead to vascular damage and initiate the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-atherosclerotic effect of orlistat on obesity-induced vascular oxidative stress in obese male rats. Twenty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats were categorized into two groups: normal (Normal group, n = 6) and high-fat diet (HFD group, n = 12). After six weeks, obese rats in the HFD group were administered either with distilled water (OB group) or orlistat 10 mg/kg/day (OB/OR group) for another six weeks. The OB group had a significant increase in lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)) and decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level compared to the Normal group. The aortic antioxidants enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT)) as well as total glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the OB group were significantly decreased compared to the Normal group. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory atherosclerotic markers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)) expressions were increased significantly, and anti-inflammatory marker (interleukin-10 (IL-10)) was decreased significantly in the OB group compared to the Normal group. Treatment with orlistat significantly improved lipid profile, increased antioxidant enzymes and expression of anti-inflammatory markers, and decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory marker compared to the OB group. These findings may suggest the therapeutic effect of orlistat in attenuating the progression of the atherosclerotic stage in obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Orlistat on Obesity-Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress Rat Model

et al. 2021

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“…The ability of orlistat in repressing the pancreatic lipase activity in the gastrointestinal tract thus blocks the uptake of lipolysis products, including free fatty acids and monoglycerides, and hence reduces the level of lipids in the blood [85]. In addition, we found a significant increased HDL level in orlistat-treated groups compared to HFD group, which in agreement with previous findings [62,86]. Also, it has been reported that orlistat is able to induce maturation of HDL particles, increase HDL-associated enzymes paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (HDL-LpPLA2), resulting in high level of HDL particles [87].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Orlistat on Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Rats: Role on Nrf2 Activation

Zakaria

Othman

Suleiman

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an excessive buildup of liver lipids closely associated with various kinds of undesirable metabolic effects and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of orlistat on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress parameters in high-fat diet (HFD) induced-MAFLD rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6/group), i.e., Normal control (N), HFD, HFD + orlistat (HFD + O) (10 mg/kg/day administered concomitantly for 12 weeks as a protective model), and obese+orlistat (OB + O) (10 mg/kg/day administered 6 weeks after induction of obesity as a therapeutic model) groups. After 12 weeks, the HFD group had significantly increased Lee obesity index, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein levels, liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) together with decreased serum high-density lipoprotein level. Additionally, the HFD group also showed increased Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus with high Keap1 expression and increased liver oxidative stress parameters. Orlistat significantly improved all these alterations in HFD rats. We demonstrated that orlistat might have protective and therapeutic effects against HFD-induced MAFLD rats by its activation on Nrf2 signaling pathway, which subsequently improved metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress parameters.

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“…In order to investigate dietary alternatives to help the population to avoid obesity, Silva et al (2020) developed a structured lipid rich in behenic acid, resulting in a lipid capable of partially inhibiting pancreatic lipase in rats, which proved to be healthier than those that ate a conventional high-fat diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing chemical and enzymatic synthesis of rich behenic lipids products: technological and nutritional potential

et al. 2022

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One of the current challenges of the food industry is to develop lipid bases with the desired technological performance for food application and with lower caloric value, in compliance with new legislations. In this context, the objective of this research is to compare chemical and enzymatic interesterification as methods for obtaining structured low-calorie lipids. Both processes are of commercial importance, since they can be used to modify the physical characteristics of fat without generating trans fatty acids. The lipid matrices used were olive oil, soybean oil and fully hydrogenated crambe oil, behenic acid source, presenting anti-obesogenic potential. Samples interesterified were characterized regarding the physicochemical behavior and regiospecific distribution in comparison to the simple mixture of the raw materials, in order to show the importance of the interesterification process. There was a reduction in their solid fat content after interesterification, which improved their physical properties and there was an increase in consistency, while the simple mixture did not represented a good option for industrial use. There was a 47% increase of saturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 position after enzymatic synthesis. The results indicate that the structured lipids obtained can be a viable alternative to replace fats in foods low calorie.

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Structured Lipid Containing Behenic Acid Versus Orlistat for Weight Loss: An Experimental Study in Mice

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Orlistat on Obesity-Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress Rat Model

Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Orlistat on Obesity-Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress Rat Model

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Orlistat on Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Rats: Role on Nrf2 Activation

Comparing chemical and enzymatic synthesis of rich behenic lipids products: technological and nutritional potential

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