Structured Errors in Optical Gigabit Ethernet Packets

James, L.B.; Moore, Andrew W.; Glick, Madeleine

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24668-8_20

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We also found that certain data values had a substantially higher probability of being received in error than others: error hot-spotting [4]. Further sets of wide-ranging experiments allowed us to conclude that Ethernet frames containing a given octet of certain value were up to 100 times more likely to be received in error (and thus dropped), when compared with a similarly sized packet that did not contain such octets [5].…”

Section: Higher Layer Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Previous work showed that the relationship between bit error rate and power at the receiver could not offer a prediction of the outcome for packet error rate versus receiver power [4]. This is due to the processing of the data through the network stack, and in particular the effects of line coding at the physical and data-link layers.…”

Section: B Bit Error Rate and Packet Error Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chasing errors through the network stack: a testbed for investigating errors in real traffic on optical networks

et al. 2005

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Abstract-A testbed is described which allows both physical layer errors to be observed and analysed, as well as monitoring network performance via frame loss. Real network traffic loads can be used for testing, so that all measurements taken are representative of what would be seen in a deployed system. We illustrate our testbed with an examination of the behaviour of a well-known networking standard, Gigabit Ethernet, in conditions of reduced receiver power on optical fibre. Our testbed results show that the line codes used to represent the data in the network affect the bit error rate for that data. Along with the previously reported result that bit error rate and packet error rate have only a weakly deterministic relationship, this highlights the need for testing of all network layers within a complete system carrying real world traffic.

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Section: Higher Layer Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: B Bit Error Rate and Packet Error Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Chasing errors through the network stack: a testbed for investigating errors in real traffic on optical networks

et al. 2005

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“…In past work we illustrated how bit errors are position independent but have a dependence upon the encoded data [6]. We found that the errors occur uniformly across any data packet, independent of packet size, and that there are no correlations evident between the positions of errors within the frame.…”

Section: Packet Error Rate Versus Bebmentioning

confidence: 91%

Packet error rate and bit error rate non-deterministic relationship in optical network applications

James

Moore

Wonfor

et al. 2005

OFC/NFOEC Technical Digest. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005.

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The non-deterministic relationship between Bit Error Rate and Packet Error Rate is demonstrated for an optical media access layer in common use. We show that frequency components of coded, non-random data can cause this relationship. 02005 OpticaI Society of America OCIS codes: (060.2330) Fiber optics communications; (060.4250) NeiworksThis paper illustrates that, when operating at low receiver power, a commonly used (M,N) block-coding system, (SBIIOB), causes a non-deterministic relationship between packet error rate and bit error rate (BER). Further, we show that at lower power, as is expected for systems operating in more complex and-or higher speed environments, a DF'B laser has significant dependence related to the frequency of coded data. While a pseudo-random BER test may successfully achieve a desired error rate, repeated testing using rea1 data and a common (M,N) block code results in frequency components that can cause a poorer error rate. + ' ' Optical Networking ContextWe assert that the condition of low receiver power is increasingly likely as networks become more complex, with longer fibre lengths, optical switching systems and higher data rates. Ethernet in the first mile [l], along with a new generation of switched optical networks, are examples of this trend. Motivating our study is an investigation of Optical Packet Switching (OPS) constructed using a switched opticaI data path based upon semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) 121. In this work we observe that the data path between the sending and receiving end-systems consists of a significant numbers of devices such as SOAs, wavelength multiplex and de-multiplex units. The result is that the smaller power budget needed for higher data rates and designs with increasing numbers of optical components is forcing us towards what tradilionally have been technical limits. In addition to restrictions on the power budget due to network compIexity, we focus upon low power results because we assert that lower receiver power is a natural consequence of systems using higher data rates. While an increase in bit-rate requires a proportional increase in transmitter power, fibre nonlinearities impose limitations on the maximum optical power able to be used in an optical network.We selected 8B/lOB (M,N) block coding as the basis for our work [3j. This codec is widely used in many varied systems; it converts 8 bits of data for transmission (ideal for any octet-orientated system) into a 10 bit line code. We investigate Gigabit Ethernet on optical fibre (1000BASE-X [4]) under conditions where the received power is sufficiently low as to induce errors in the Ethernet frames. Following Jain [ 5 ] , we limit frame size to less than I512 octets where the Function Redundancy Check (FRC) within Ethernet is sufficientIy strong to catch all errors. Packet error rate versus BEBIn past work we illustrated how bit errors are position independent but have a dependence upon the encoded data [6]. We found that the errors occur uniformly across any data packet, independent of p...

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“…Both the errors occurring on a WDM connection and the protection scheme have an impact on the PER for the packets transmitted over that channel. In a low power regime, [8] shows that 8B/10B block-coding causes a non-deterministic relationship between PER and BER in optical GigE. Therefore, PER monitoring does not seem a substitute to BER monitoring, but rather a complement.…”

Section: L3 Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum-Intrusion Approaches for In-Service BER Estimation in Transparent WDM Networks

Pinart

2006

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Structured Errors in Optical Gigabit Ethernet Packets

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Chasing errors through the network stack: a testbed for investigating errors in real traffic on optical networks

Chasing errors through the network stack: a testbed for investigating errors in real traffic on optical networks

Packet error rate and bit error rate non-deterministic relationship in optical network applications

Minimum-Intrusion Approaches for In-Service BER Estimation in Transparent WDM Networks

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