Structure regulation of boron‐doped calcium hydroxystannate and its enhancement on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PVC

Abstract

In this study, a perovskite type calcium hydroxystannate (CaSn[OH]6, CSH) was prepared by a facial coprecipitation method. Then boron was further doped into CaSn(OH)6 to obtain B@CSH as a new inorganic flame retardant to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The characterization of chemical composition, morphology, and bonding structure for CSH and B@CSH reveals that the doping of boron can effectively regulate the morphology and particle size of CSH. When applying into PVC, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical performance are significantly enhanced by the addition of CSH and B@CSH. Under 5% addition of CSH and B@CSH, the limited oxygen index (LOI) value of PVC composites was increased from 26.6% to 32.9% and 34.0%, respectively. The cone calorimetry tests show that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of PVC composites are all greatly reduced. The PHRR and TSP are reduced by 49.2% and 42.3% with the 5% loading of B@CSH, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical strength and toughness of PVC are both improved by CSH and B@CSH. The synthesized CSH and B@CSH act as a multi‐functional additive for PVC with high efficiency.

Study of the effect of different functionalized magnesium hydroxide prepared by mechanochemical method on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of styrene‐ethylene‐butadiene‐styrene/polypropylene composites

“…The lowest THR value of 61.8 MJ/m 2 was obtained for PTMS silane modified MH/SEBS/PP, indicating that the benzene ring not only improved the dispersion in the polymer matrix but also better reduced the total exothermic rate compared with other functional groups. Interestingly, the introduction of flammable long alkyl chains did not affect the exothermic behavior, suggesting that with the introduction of long alkyl chains, not only the dispersion of MH dispersion in SEBS/PP is improved, but also stable char layer can be formed, thus reducing the supply of combustion fumes 45,46 …”

“…Interestingly, the introduction of flammable long alkyl chains did not affect the exothermic behavior, suggesting that with the introduction of long alkyl chains, not only the dispersion of MH dispersion in SEBS/PP is improved, but also stable char layer can be formed, thus reducing the supply of combustion fumes. 45,46 The SPR and TSR curves of pure SEBS/PP and its composites were showed in Figure 7(c,d). Since pure SEBS/PP is extremely flammable, it could be seen to exhibits a dense peak of 0.197 m 2 /s.…”

Polyphosphazene hybridized perovskite copper hydroxystannate microspheres effectively improve the flame retardant and mechanical properties of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Resin

“…[13,14] Therefore, they are considered to be an efficient non-toxic flame retardant and smoke suppressant, of which zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) is a typical representative. [15][16][17] In addition, CoSn(OH) 6 , [18,19] CaSn (OH) 6 , [20] SrSn(OH) 6 , [21] and NiSn(OH) 6 [22] have also been studied in recent years for use in flame retardant polymers. By no coincidence, copper hydroxystannate (CuSn(OH) 6 ) also has similar physicochemical properties and has been proven to be used in photocatalysis, [23] batteries, [24,25] and sensors.…”

Comparison of toughening effects of several common toughening agents and polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer on polyvinyl chloride

“…Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one kind of material with excellent performance and is widely used in many fields. Among them, rigid PVC accounts for more than 60% and can be used in building materials, industrial products and other fields because of its low cost, high chemical and corrosion resistance, flame retardancy and high stiffness 1–5 . However, unmodified PVC has poor toughness and is easy to crack under impact, which limits its application.…”

“…Among them, rigid PVC accounts for more than 60% and can be used in building materials, industrial products and other fields because of its low cost, high chemical and corrosion resistance, flame retardancy and high stiffness. [1][2][3][4][5] However, unmodified PVC has poor toughness and is easy to crack under impact, which limits its application. To extend its application, many toughening agents (or impact modifiers) have been used to toughen PVC and achieved good results, including chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) terpolymer and acrylic modifier (ACR, the main component is poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate)).CPE is one of the most common impact modifiers for PVC.…”