Structure, regeneration and growth of Scots pine (&lt;i&gt;Pinus sylvestris&lt;/i&gt; L.) stands with respect to changing climate and environmental pollution

Vacek, Stanislav; Vacek, Zdeněk; Bílek, Lukáš; Simon, Jaroslav; Remeš, J.; Hůnová, Iva; Král, Jan; Putalová, Tereza; Mikeska, Miroslav

doi:10.14214/sf.1564

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Similarly, significant positive correlations were found with the precipitation amount in July of the previous year and in June of the current year (Vacek et al, 2017). In natural lowlands in eastern Bohemia, radial growth was positively correlated with the temperature in March of the current year and precipitation in November and December of the previous year and February, March and April of the current year (Vacek et al, 2016). Also, other studies from the Mediterranean area (Augustaitis et al, 2007;Oberhuber et al, 2007;Bogino et al, 2009) suggest that drought is a decisive factor for the radial growth of Scots pine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…NO X concentrations had low effect on radial growth, while in other studies from natural pine stands in the Czech Republic mean NO x concentrations affected the radial growth positively . On the other hand, high concentrations of NO x and SO 2 in combination with severe climate events can lead to serious defoliation (Vacek et al, 2016) with further degradation of the forest stands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stand dynamics in natural Scots pine forests as a model for adaptation management?

Vacek¹,

Vacek²,

Bílek³

et al. 2020

Dendrobiology

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The paper deals with the dynamics of structure, diversity and growth of natural pine stands without direct human impact during the ten-year period in Nature Reserve (NR) Kostelecké bory, Czech Republic. The objective was to determine the main characteristics of the spontaneous development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest stands in relation to their naturalness, ecological stability and adaptation to climate change and air pollution stress. Horizontal and vertical structure and species diversity of the tree layer, dead wood and natural regeneration of each permanent research plot (PRP) were evaluated (n = 6, 50 × 50 m /0.25 ha/, Northern Bohemia, 410-425 m above sea level). The average ring series of PRPs were correlated with the climatic data (precipitation, temperature) according to individual years from the Doksy climatic station, and the air pollution data (SO 2 in 1988-2015, NO X and AOT40F-ozone exposure in 1992-2015) from Radimovice station. In 2016, the stand volume increased by 26.0% to 136 m 3 ha −1 (108 m 3 ha −1 in 2006) and the volume of dead wood increase by 127.2% to 27 m 3 ha −1 (12 m 3 ha −1 in 2006). The horizontal structure of tree layer and natural regeneration was predominantly aggregated to random. More distinct changes in biodiversity and structural characteristics occurred in the natural regeneration (21.5%) compared to tree layer (2.8%). The precipitation had a significantly higher effect on radial growth compared to temperature. The lack of precipitation in growing season and high temperature in previous autumn and winter were limiting factors for growth. Climatic factors had significant effect on diameter increment in July of the current year (P < 0.01) and June of the current and previous year (P < 0.05). Radial growth was negatively correlated with SO 2 concentrations (P < 0.01) and ozone exposure (P < 0.05). NO X concentrations had low effect on radial growth. The natural stand dynamics had positive effect on biodiversity and functional integrity of natural pine ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stand dynamics in natural Scots pine forests as a model for adaptation management?

Vacek¹,

Vacek²,

Bílek³

et al. 2020

Dendrobiology

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“…have prevailed since the late Boreal period, with an insignificant change in vegetation, except for succession after fire events (Novák et al 2012). Pinewoods cover approximately 17% of the total timber land, the second most widespread after the Norway spruce (Ministry report 2014), taking up a significant position in all vegetation zonas (Chytrý et al 2010;Vacek et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Fajstavr¹,

Giagli²,

Vavrčík³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Stem girdling ceased the cambial activity, below the girdled area, immediately after the removal of the bark strip.• Pinus sylvestris survived for up to two years after stem girdling.• The girdled trees formed phloem cells above the girdled area but failed to form latewood cells in the next growing season. AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a resilient, wide spread species. This paper reports on the xylem and phloem cell formation process, before and after, the species was put under artificial stress by stem girdling. Microcore method was applied to a healthy control group and a standing group of girdled trees within an 80-year-old pine forest for two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014). The stem girdling was applied in the middle of the first growing season (July 2013). Cambial activity timings (onset and cessation of cell division), cell formation intensity, cell differentiation, and the dynamics of the annual radial increment in the stem were analyzed. Cambial activity was inhibited and eventually ceased below the stem girdling immediately after the removal of the strip. Therefore, no latewood tracheids were formed. However, above the stem girdling and in the control trees, cell formation and tissue differentiation continued until the end of the growing season, with the girdled trees moving at a less intensive pace but for a longer period of time. During the following growing season (2014), the cambial zone was reactivated only above the stem girdling, not below, and eventually the girdled trees died. In 2014, the onset of the cambial activity was delayed and the division rate of the cells was slower in the girdled trees. Furthermore, the girdled trees formed less phloem cells than the control trees.

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“…In addition, heavy thinning, in particular, was reported to improve the growth response of conifers to drought conditions [63]. A similar scenario was reported for Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) in relation to environmental pollution and drought in central Europe [64]. Thinning to low density may also help recharge ground water reserves due to snow accumulating on the ground versus being captured in canopies of dense stands where it sublimates directly into the atmosphere [65].…”

Section: Stand Thinning and Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Twenty-Five Years after Stand Thinning and Repeated Fertilization in Lodgepole Pine Forest: Implications for Tree Growth, Stand Structure, and Carbon Sequestration

Sullivan

Sullivan²,

Lindgren³

et al. 2020

Forests

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Silvicultural practices such as pre-commercial thinning (PCT) and repeated fertilization have been used successfully around the world to increase forest biomass for conventional wood products, biofuels, and carbon sequestration. Two complementary studies were designed to test the hypotheses (H) that large-scale PCT and PCT with repeated fertilization of young (13-17 years old) lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) stands, at 25 years after the onset of treatments, would enhance (H 1 ) productivity and structural features (diameter and height growth, crown volume and dimensions) of crop trees; (H 2 ) merchantable volume of crop trees, (H 3 ) abundance of understory conifer, herb and shrub layers, and (H 4 ) carbon storage (sequestration) of all layers. Results are from two studies in south-central British Columbia, Canada. The PCT study had three densities: 500, 1000, and 2000 stems/ha, an unthinned, and old-growth stand replicated at three areas. The PCT-FERT study had four densities: 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 stems/ha with and without a repeated fertilization treatment, and an unthinned-unfertilized stand, replicated at two areas. Heavily thinned (≤1000 stems/ha) and fertilized stands generally had larger mean diameters and crown dimensions than lightly thinned or unfertilized stands, whereas mean heights of crop trees remained relatively unaffected, and hence partial support for H 1 . Despite differences in stand density (4-and 8-fold) of original crop trees, ingress of intermediate crop trees over the 25 years changed density dramatically. There was no support for H 2 , as mean merchantable volume of total crop trees was similar across stand densities owing to ingress, and was also similar in fertilized and unfertilized stands. In stands thinned to ≤500 trees/ha, there is an anticipated increase in crop tree density of 2.2 to 4.3 times over 25 years compared with the original post-thinning densities. Mean abundance of understory conifers was generally similar among stands owing to successional development towards canopy closure, whereas herbs and shrubs persisted only in canopy gaps in heavily thinned stands, thereby providing no support for H 3 . Mean carbon storage was similar across densities in both studies with ingress contributing a considerable amount to carbon sequestration at the lower densities. Fertilization increased (1.4 times) mean carbon storage significantly among total crop trees, total conifers, and the grand total of all layers, thereby providing partial support for H 4 . Thus, much of the potential above-ground carbon storage lost by thinning was restored in the heavily thinned stands at 25 years post-treatment.Forests 2020, 11, 337 2 of 23Forests 2020, 11, 337 3 of 23 Materials and Methods Experimental Design and Study AreasData from two separate long-term studies with 25-year datasets in naturally regenerated post-harvest lodgepole pine stands were used to test our study hypotheses: (1) PCT only (1988PCT only ( -2013 and (2) PCT with fertilization (PCT+FERT) . The PCT study was lo...

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Structure, regeneration and growth of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) stands with respect to changing climate and environmental pollution

Cited by 41 publications

References 66 publications

Stand dynamics in natural Scots pine forests as a model for adaptation management?

Stand dynamics in natural Scots pine forests as a model for adaptation management?

The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem formation in Scots pine

Twenty-Five Years after Stand Thinning and Repeated Fertilization in Lodgepole Pine Forest: Implications for Tree Growth, Stand Structure, and Carbon Sequestration

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