Structure–property relationships for 3D-printed PEEK intervertebral lumbar cages produced using fused filament fabrication

Başgül, Cemile; Yu, Tony; MacDonald, Daniel W.; Siskey, Ryan; Marcolongo, Michele; Kurtz, Steven M.

doi:10.1557/jmr.2018.178

Cited by 79 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The formation of a large number of big voids and weak bonding are the characteristics of the sample printed at higher speeds. Basgul and colleagues [91] printed a standardised PEEK lumbar fusion cage and found that printing speeds lower than 25 mm/s should be employed. The highest compressive properties were achieved when lower speeds were chosen for 3D printing of PEEK.…”

Section: Printing Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

et al. 2020

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Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a high-performance engineering thermoplastic polymer with potential for use in a variety of metal replacement applications due to its high strength to weight ratio. This combination of properties makes it an ideal material for use in the production of bespoke replacement parts for out-of-earth manufacturing purposes, in particular on the International Space Station (ISS). Additive manufacturing (AM) may be employed for the production of these parts, as it has enabled new fabrication pathways for articles with complex design considerations. However, AM of PEEK via fused filament fabrication (FFF) encounters significant challenges, mostly stemming from the semi crystalline nature of PEEK and its associated high melting temperature. This makes PEEK highly susceptible to changes in processing conditions which leads to a large reported variation in the literature on the final performance of PEEK. This has limited the adaption of FFF printing of PEEK in space applications where quality assurance and reproducibility are paramount. In recent years, several research studies have examined the effect of printing parameters on the performance of the 3D-printed PEEK parts. The aim of the current review is to provide comprehensive information in relation to the process-structure-property relationships in FFF 3D-printing of PEEK to provide a clear baseline to the research community and assesses its potential for space applications, including out-of-earth manufacturing.

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Section: Printing Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

et al. 2020

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“…These STL files were sliced and translated to G-Code, a numerical control programming language used by 3D printers for coordinates, using commercially available slicing software (Simplify3D, Cincinnati, OH). Briefly, a 0.785 cm 3 reservoir was printed into a PEEK clip using a PEEKMed filament on an Indmatec HPP 155/Gen 2 3D printer (Apium) [ 47 ]. These semi-circular clips contained either one 4 mm diameter opening (1-hole), or two 2 mm openings (2-hole).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-triggered antibiotic release from PEEK clips to prevent spinal fusion infection: Initial evaluations

et al. 2019

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Despite aggressive peri-operative antibiotic treatments, up to 10% of patients undergoing instrumented spinal surgery develop an infection. Like most implant-associated infections, spinal infections persist through colonization and biofilm formation on spinal instrumentation, which can include metal screws and rods for fixation and an intervertebral cage commonly comprised of polyether ether ketone (PEEK). We have designed a PEEK antibiotic reservoir that would clip to the metal fixation rod and that would achieve slow antibiotic release over several days, followed by a bolus release of antibiotics triggered by ultrasound (US) rupture of a reservoir membrane. We have found using human physiological fluid (synovial fluid), that higher levels (100–500 μg) of vancomycin are required to achieve a marked reduction in adherent bacteria vs. that seen in the common bacterial medium, trypticase soy broth. To achieve these levels of release, we applied a polylactic acid coating to a porous PEEK puck, which exhibited both slow and US-triggered release. This design was further refined to a one-hole or two-hole cylindrical PEEK reservoir that can clip onto a spinal rod for clinical use. Short-term release of high levels of antibiotic (340 ± 168 μg), followed by US-triggered release was measured (7420 ± 2992 μg at 48 h). These levels are sufficient to prevent adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to implant materials. This study demonstrates the feasibility of an US-mediated antibiotic delivery device, which could be a potent weapon against spinal surgical site infection.

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“…These materials are semi-crystalline thermoplastics having excellent mechanical properties. 9,11 It shows excellent strength, dimensional stability and stiffness and sustains high temperature which replaces metal. Without the requirement of lubrication, it has high wear resistance and low coefficient of friction.…”

Section: What Is Polyether Ether Ketone (Peek)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technology is rapidly growing to fabricate patient-specific implants of bone, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2019.01.003 Received 4 November 2018; Received in revised form 17 December 2018; Accepted 3 January 2019 prosthetic, heart and its components. 8,9 In medical, the main aim is to maximise the power-to-weight ratio and create development and innovation by using the high-performance material. PEEK is a high-performance polymer which used for manufacturing of medical implants and devices which has a high capability of load bearing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and its 3D printed implants applications in medical field: An overview

Haleem

Javaid

2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

118

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Background: Extensively studied research articles on Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) in "medical" and "PEEK 3D printing in the medical field" to identify a direction of the development and identify critical applications in medicine. Materials and methods: This is a literature-based study of research articles listed in Scopus. A literature review & bibliometric analysis is done to achieve the research objective. Results: Searching keywords as "PEEK" "medical" through Scopus identified 426 research articles and searching "PEEK" "medical" "3D printing" identified ten articles. This study identifies that PEEK is a suitable material that helps innovation and helps to solve different surgical and medical problems. Analysis of the Scopus data depicts an increasing trend in the medical field, especially the application of this material. Much research is done on PEEK in medical, but there is very less work reported on PEEK 3D printing in medical. 3D PEEK implants are preferred in medical for requirements of extensive customisation. This technology caters well to the manufacturing of prosthetics, artificial bone, heart & its parts and other human parts. Finally, twelve important applications areas are identified in medical. Conclusion: PEEK has somewhat bone like properties. This material can be well used in 3D printing technologies to help fulfil various challenges of the medical. In medical, PEEK materials foresee different surgical application as it can replace titanium and ceramic implants. The need is to explore the use of PEEK in different surgeries of orthopaedic, spine, maxilla-facial, cranial and others 3D printing manufactures complex design implants as per requirement of a patient with an exact match. This material is also applicable for cardiac surgery like manufacturing of heart valve prostheses and leaflet heart valves. PEEK material is hard, lightweight, stiff and is a robust polymer while having satisfactory wear properties that help implants with an extended life. In dentistry, PEEK implants have also the potential for use in tooth replacement. It seems somewhat cost-effective to fulfil innovative medical requirements with comparable wear and mechanical strength.

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Structure–property relationships for 3D-printed PEEK intervertebral lumbar cages produced using fused filament fabrication

Cited by 79 publications

References 32 publications

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

Ultrasound-triggered antibiotic release from PEEK clips to prevent spinal fusion infection: Initial evaluations

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and its 3D printed implants applications in medical field: An overview

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