Structure/property (constitutive and spallation response) of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Gray, George T.; Livescu, Veronica; Rigg, P. A.; Trujillo, Carl P.; Cady, Carl M.; Chen, S.R.; Carpenter, John S.; Lienert, Thomas J.; Fensin, Saryu

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2017.07.045

Cited by 179 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Even after 15 min at 1050 • C, no remarkable colony growth was observed. These observations were in agreement with the results published in [22,25,64], where recrystallization and grain growth in LPBF 316 L material were observed after annealing for 30-60 min at temperatures between 1060-1400 • C. The experimentally observed recrystallization temperatures of LPBF 316 L steel were higher than those in conventional materials where static recrystallization starts after annealing for 30-60 min at temperatures 750-900 • C [61]. This can be explained by stabilization of the colony boundaries due to the segregation of solute atoms.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 93%

Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Krakhmalev

Fredriksson

Svensson

et al. 2018

Metals

129

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This article overviews the scientific results of the microstructural features observed in 316 L stainless steel manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method obtained by the authors, and discusses the results with respect to the recently published literature. Microscopic features of the LPBF microstructure, i.e., epitaxial nucleation, cellular structure, microsegregation, porosity, competitive colony growth, and solidification texture, were experimentally studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, diffraction methods, and atom probe tomography. The influence of laser power and laser scanning speed on the microstructure was discussed in the perspective of governing the microstructure by controlling the process parameters. It was shown that the three-dimensional (3D) zig-zag solidification texture observed in the LPBF 316 L was related to the laser scanning strategy. The thermal stability of the microstructure was investigated under isothermal annealing conditions. It was shown that the cells formed at solidification started to disappear at about 800 • C, and that this process leads to a substantial decrease in hardness. Colony boundaries, nevertheless, were quite stable, and no significant grain growth was observed after heat treatment at 1050 • C. The observed experimental results are discussed with respect to the fundamental knowledge of the solidification processes, and compared with the existing literature data.

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Section: Thermal Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 93%

Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Krakhmalev

Fredriksson

Svensson

et al. 2018

Metals

129

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“…Similarly, the spall strengths show significant differences with the wrought Ta displaying the highest spall strength, followed by the AM-Ta in the in-plane direction -approximately the same for both the fully-dense and region containing build flaws, followed by the thru-thickness direction displaying the 060002-3 lowest resistance to spallation. The higher HEL's for the AM-Ta in contrast to the wrought is consistent with the substantially refined microstructural scale of the AM-Ta as well as the inherent high dislocation substructure typical in AM materials both leading to higher yield strengths [9]. In contrast, but as previously documented in many materials, the inverse is seen in the spall strengths for the wrought versus AM-Ta samples where the annealed wrought Ta displays a higher resistance to damage evolution than the higher yield strength AM-Ta samples.…”

Section: -2supporting

confidence: 70%

“…However, while there is a growing number of detailed structure-property studies of AM materials subjected to quasi-static and/or fatigue loading stress states, there remains to date few studies systematically quantifying their behavior at higher strain rates, shock loading, and/or when subjected to dynamic tensile 1D spallation loading [7][8][9]. Further, AM manufacturing of refractory pure metals and alloys has to date received little attention in contrast to alloys germane to aerospace and other industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure/property characterization of spallation in wrought and additively manufactured tantalum

GrayIII

Knapp

Jones

et al. 2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Certification and product qualification of an engineering component generally involves meeting engineering and physics requirements tied to its functional requirements. . In this paper, the results of a study quantifying the microstructure and the dynamic damage evolution of Tantalum (Ta) fabricated using an EOS laser-powder-bed machine are presented. The microstructure of the AM-Ta is detailed and compared / contrast to wrought Ta. The dynamic damage evolution and failure response of the AM-Ta material, as well as wrought Ta, was probed using flyer-plate impact driven spallation experiments. The differences in the spallation response between the AM and wrought Ta were measured using in-situ velocimetry as well as postmortem quantification of damage in "soft-recovered" samples. The damage evolution of the AM and wrought Ta were characterized using optical metallography.

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“…For example, the viable maximum part size in AM is smaller than is desirable when manufacturing precise components [20], the price of material for AM is higher than in conventional manufacturing [21], the cost of AM systems is high [22], and the material selection in AM is quite limited when taking into account the needs of companies from different sectors [23]. Additionally, materials must be approved for certain applications, which must be done to every single material [24]. For the strictest applications, each manufactured material batch requires verification of quality [25].…”

Section: Advantages Of Additive Manufacturing In the Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perceived Value of Additively Manufactured Digital Spare Parts in the Industry: An Empirical Investigation

Chekurov

Metsä-Kortelainen

Salmi

et al. 2019

Value Based and Intelligent Asset Management

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Cite: Chekurov S, Metsä-Kortelainen S, Salmi M, Roda I, Jussila A., "The perceived value of additively manufactured digital spare parts in industry: an empirical investigation".Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to verify the conceptual benefits of the implementation of additive manufacturing (AM) in spare part supply chains from the point of view of the industry. Focus group interviews consisting of five sessions and 46 experts in manufacturing were conducted for this study. The focus group interviews served to identify the issues in the adoption of digital spare parts (DSP) and to expand on the available literature. The benefits found in the reviewed literature were partially verified by the participants but certain limitations, such as the excessive need of post processing, supplier quality parity, and ICT inadequacies, were presented that were absent or not highlighted in literature. The information gathered from the participants made it possible to create a realistic model of a digital spare part distribution network. According to the focus group interviews, digital spare parts could be deployed immediately for a specific type of product in the long tails of company spare part catalogues. However, improvements in AM, company ICT infrastructure, and 3D model file formats need to be achieved for a larger deployment of DSP.

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Structure/property (constitutive and spallation response) of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Cited by 179 publications

References 34 publications

Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Structure/property characterization of spallation in wrought and additively manufactured tantalum

The Perceived Value of Additively Manufactured Digital Spare Parts in the Industry: An Empirical Investigation

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