Structure-properties relationships in alkaline treated rice husk reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch biocomposites

Boonsuk, Phetdaphat; Sukolrat, Apinya; Bourkaew, Sain; Kaewtatip, Kaewta; Chantarak, Sirinya; Kelarakis, Antonios; Chaibundit, Chiraphon

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.157

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It can be seen that RH has the unique features of a ridged outer surface, which is rich in silica. The surface features of RH described here are consistent with previous observations by other researchers [32,33]. As shown in Table 2, silica was predominantly located at the tips and shoulders of the ridges and was present in lower amounts in other regions of RH.…”

Section: Structural Characteristics and Elemental Analysis Of Raw Rhsupporting

confidence: 92%

NaOH-Catalyzed Fractionation of Rice Husk Followed by Concomitant Production of Bioethanol and Furfural for Improving Profitability in Biorefinery

Jung

2021

Applied Sciences

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The alkaline fractionation of rice husk (RH) with NaOH was optimized for the purpose of obtaining a high-yield recovery of glucan and increasing the removal rate for lignin and ash, resulting in a hemicellulose-rich hydrolysate. The determined optimal conditions were a temperature of 150 °C, reaction time of 45 min, and NaOH concentration of 6% (w/v). The glucan content in the fractionated RH (Fr. RH) was 80.1%, which was significantly increased compared to the raw RH (35.6%). High glucan content in the fractionated solid residue is the most essential factor for minimizing enzyme dosages in enzymatic saccharification. The final enzymatic digestibilities (at 96 h) of raw and NaOH-Fr. RH with cellulase loadings of 30 FPU/g cellulose were 10.5% and 81.3%, respectively. Approximately 71.6% of the xmg content (mainly xylose) was concomitantly degraded into the fractionated hydrolysate (Fr. Hydrolysate). When this hydrolysate was acidified with sulfuric acid and subjected to heat treatment, a furfural production yield of about 64.9% was obtained. The results show that two-stage fed-batch fermentation with glucan-rich Fr. RH has the potential to achieve high-ethanol titers of 28.7 g/L.

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Section: Structural Characteristics and Elemental Analysis Of Raw Rhsupporting

confidence: 92%

NaOH-Catalyzed Fractionation of Rice Husk Followed by Concomitant Production of Bioethanol and Furfural for Improving Profitability in Biorefinery

Jung

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…In addition, Boonsuk et al [ 30 ] mentioned that an alkaline treatment with 11% w/v of NaOH removed the hemicellulose layer of RH and offered an outstanding tensile strength improvement, by a factor of 220%, compared to the neat thermoplastic starch. It improved the matrix-filler load transfer capabilities due to the loss of hemicellulose and the rougher outer surfaces after alkaline treatment.…”

Section: Tensile Strength Of Rh Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

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Recently, because of the rising population, carbon overloading, and environmental distress, human beings have needed to increase awareness and responsibility for the reduction of agricultural waste. The utilization of agricultural waste as a filler material in reinforced polymers is a fascinating discovery. This review paper attempts to study the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of rice husk (RH) as a fiber for reinforcing various synthetic polymers, based on recent studies, conducted between 2017 and 2021. It also highlights that advanced modification techniques could further improve the performance of composites by tailoring the physical and chemical substances of the fiber or matrix. The thermal properties, including flame-retardance and thermal behavior, are also discussed. The characteristics of the fiber–matrix interaction between RH and the polymer matrix provide essential insights into the future-ready applications of this agricultural waste fiber. The way forward in researching RH polymer composites is finally reviewed.

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“…Starch is an entirely biodegradable polysaccharide and the most promising material owing to its lower cost, wide availability, abundance, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Generally, starch is a crystalline material with two micro-sized structures—amylose and highly branched amylopectin [ 6 ]. When starch is exposed to a plasticizer and heat, spontaneous destructurisation occurs, which yields the thermoplastic starch [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocomposite of Cassava Starch-Cymbopogan Citratus Fibre: Mechanical, Thermal and Biodegradation Properties

et al. 2022

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Increasing environmental awareness and concern have shifted the focus of research and development towards biodegradable materials development. In the current study, Cymbopogan citratus fibre (CCF) were incorporated into thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS) with various content of CCF (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 wt.%) via compression moulding. The determination of fundamental characteristics of TPCS/CCF biopolymer composites was conducted to assess their potential as biodegradable reinforcements. Characterization of the samples was conducted via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as mechanical, moisture absorption, and soil burial testings. The findings showed that the improved tensile and flexural features of the TPCS composites with CCF incorporation, with 50 wt.% CCF content yielded the maximum modulus and strength. The thermal properties of the biocomposite demonstrated that CCF addition improved the material’s thermal stability, as shown by a higher-onset decomposition temperature and ash content. Meanwhile, the CCF incorporation into TPCS slowed down the biodegradation of the composites. In term of morphological, homogeneous fibres and matrix dispersion with excellent adhesion was observed in morphological analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which is crucial for the enhancement of the mechanical performance of biocomposites.

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Structure-properties relationships in alkaline treated rice husk reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch biocomposites

Cited by 37 publications

References 57 publications

NaOH-Catalyzed Fractionation of Rice Husk Followed by Concomitant Production of Bioethanol and Furfural for Improving Profitability in Biorefinery

NaOH-Catalyzed Fractionation of Rice Husk Followed by Concomitant Production of Bioethanol and Furfural for Improving Profitability in Biorefinery

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Biocomposite of Cassava Starch-Cymbopogan Citratus Fibre: Mechanical, Thermal and Biodegradation Properties

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