Structure, organization and promoter expression of the actin-encoding gene in trichoderma reesei

Matheucci, Euclides; Henrique-Silva, Flávio; El-Gogary, S; Rossini, C. H. B.; Leite, Amanda Melissa Damião; Vera, Jorge; Urioste, J. C. Carle; Crivellaro, O; El-Dorry, Hamza

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00283-c

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…While most eukaryotes, such as animals (26), plants (23), and slime molds (44), are known to have a small actin gene family, fungi were supposed to possess only a single copy of an actin-encoding gene, on the basis of results obtained with yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (6) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (24), and filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus nidulans (5), Trichoderma reesei (22), and Neurospora crassa (42). Recently, however, the zygomycetous species Abidia glauca and the basidiomycetous fungi Schizophyllum commune and Suillus bovinus have been reported to carry two actinencoding genes (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Recognition and Clinical Relevance of the Zygomycetous GenusLichtheimia(syn.Absidia Pro Parte,Mycocladus)

et al. 2010

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The zygomycete genus Lichtheimia (syn. Absidia pro parte, Mycocladus) consists of saprotrophic fungi inhabiting soil or dead plant material. Lichtheimia corymbifera (syn. Absidia corymbifera, Mycocladus corymbifer) and Lichtheimia ramosa (syn. Absidia ramosa, Mycocladus ramosus) may cause fulminant infections in patients with impaired immunity. The present study investigated the species boundaries in Lichtheimia using genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (by comparison of the genealogies of the internal transcribed spacer [ITS] sequence, the D1/D2 region of the large subunit [LSU], and actin), biological species recognition by mating tests, as well as morphological and physiological characteristics. The three molecular markers used were selected by evaluating the polymorphisms and paralogies of several loci, including those for ␤-tubulin, translation elongation factor 1␣, the two largest subunits of the RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2), the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and the mitochondrial small-subunit (mtSSU) rDNA, among four strains belonging to different putative species. Comparing the genealogies of the ITS, LSU, and actin genes, we recognized seven phylogenetic species. However, mating tests did not show intrinsic reproductive barriers for two pairs of the phylogenetic species. Therefore, we regard five species in Lichtheima to be confirmed: Lichtheimia corymbifera, L. ornata comb. nov., L. ramosa, L. hyalospora, and L. sphaerocystis sp. nov. Only the first three species seem to have clinical relevance. Lichtheimia blakesleeana is reduced to a synonym of Lichtheimia hyalospora. We provide a detailed description of Lichtheimia sphaerocystis sp. nov. and a key for the identification of all accepted species identified in the present study on the basis of their morphological traits and growth at different temperatures.Mucormycoses, i.e., infections caused by members of the Mucoromycotina subphylum, are uncommon but often dramatic, requiring immediate action on the basis of an accurate diagnosis. The recently observed increase in case reports on mucormycosis (32) can be ascribed to the growing number of patients with risk factors, such as diabetes, neutropenia, bone marrow transplantation, and the long-term use of steroids. Although this trend was already observed prior to the availability of voriconazole in medical applications (17, 21), several studies related the increasing incidence of mucormycoses to voriconazole prophylaxis and treatment of aspergillosis infection in immunocompromised patients (18,37,43). According to Roden et al. (32), approximately 5% of cases of mucormycoses are caused by species of Lichtheimia (syn. Absidia pro parte [p.p.], Mycocladus). These authors reviewed 25 well-documented cases of Lichtheimia (as Absidia) infections that have occurred since 1940. However, the actual incidence of the species may have been underestimated, given the fact that no less than 53 clinical Lichtheimia strains were sent to the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Recognition and Clinical Relevance of the Zygomycetous GenusLichtheimia(syn.Absidia Pro Parte,Mycocladus)

et al. 2010

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“…The induction of the UPR was analyzed by using two probes, the hac1 (EcoRI-XhoI fragment from pMS119) (34) and the pdi1 (EcoRI-XhoI fragment from pMS67) (33). The 1.9-kb KpnI fragment containing the T. reesei actin gene (20,44) was used to normalize the signals obtained. The oligonucleotide was labeled with [␥-32 P]ATP by using a 5Ј-end-labeling kit (Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Production of Xylanase by Expression of a Truncated Version of the xyn11A Gene from Nonomuraea flexuosa in Trichoderma reesei

Paloheimo

Mäntylä

Kallio

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We have previously shown that the Nonomuraea flexuosa Xyn11A polypeptides devoid of the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) have better thermostability than the full-length xylanase and are effective in bleaching of pulp. To produce an enzyme preparation useful for industrial applications requiring high temperature, the region encoding the CBM was deleted from the N. flexuosa xyn11A gene and the truncated gene was expressed in Trichoderma reesei. The xylanase sequence was fused to the T. reesei mannanase I (Man5A) signal sequence or 3 to a T. reesei carrier polypeptide, either the Man5A core/hinge or the cellulose binding domain (CBD) of cellobiohydrolase II (Cel6A, CBHII). The gene and fusion genes were expressed using the cellobiohydrolase 1 (cel7A, cbh1) promoter. Single-copy isogenic transformants in which the expression cassette replaced the cel7A gene were cultivated and analyzed. The transformants expressing the truncated N. flexuosa xyn11A produced clearly increased amounts of both the xylanase/fusion mRNA and xylanase activity compared to the corresponding strains expressing the full-length N. flexuosa xyn11A. The transformant expressing the cel6A CBDtruncated N. flexuosa xyn11A produced about 1.9 g liter ؊1 of the xylanase in laboratory-scale fermentations. The xylanase constituted about 25% of the secreted proteins. The production of the truncated xylanase did not induce the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. However, the UPR was induced when the full-length N. flexuosa xyn11A with an exact fusion to the cel7A terminator was expressed. We suggest that the T. reesei folding/secretion machinery is not able to cope properly with the bacterial CBM when the mRNA of the full-length N. flexuosa xyn11A is efficiently translated.

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“…The ACT1 genes of fungal species, in general, are noteworthy because of the presence of introns (Gallwitz & Sures, 1980;Fidel et al, 1988;Wildeman et af., 1988;Deshler et al, 1989;Losberger & Ernst, 1989;Fletcher et al, 1994;Cox et al, 1995;Matheucci et al, 1995;Wery et al, 1996). At present, most known introns can be assigned unambiguously to one of four classes, depending on the intron structure and location (Krainer & Maniatis, 1988).…”

Section: Pcr-based Identification Of C Dubliniensismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis and rapid identification of Candida dubliniensis based on analysis of ACT1 intron and exon sequences

Donnelly¹,

Sullivan²,

Shanley³

et al. 1999

Microbiology

136

123

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The phylogenetic position of Candida dubliniensis has previously been established on the basis of the sequence of rRNA genes. In order t o confirm the relationship between C. dubhiensis and other yeast species, particularly Candida a/bicans, using non-rRNA gene sequences the ACT1 gene was chosen for analysis. Three overlapping fragments that together span the entire C. dubhiensis ACT1 gene (CdACT1) were amplified from a recombinant phage isolated from a genomic DNA A library using PCR. These were cloned and used t o determine the contiguous sequence of the gene. Analysis of the sequence data revealed the presence of a 1131 bp ORF interrupted by a single 632 bp intron at the 5' extremity of the gene. Comparison of the CdACT1 sequence with the C. albicans homologue (CaACT1) revealed that although the exons are 97-9 O/ O identical the introns are only 83.4% identical. Phylogenetic trees generated using ACT1 exon and intron sequences from a range of yeast species unequivocally confirmed the phylogenetic position of C. dubhiensis as a unique taxon within the genus Candida. Analysis of the ACT1-associated intron sequences from 10 epidemiologically unrelated C. dubhiensis isolates from disparate geographical locations showed a very low level of intraspecies sequence variation. In order t o develop an accurate and rapid method t o identify C. dubliniensis from primary isolation plates the significant divergence between the C. dubhiensis and C. albicans ACT1 intron sequences was exploited by designing C. dubliniensis-specific PCR primers. Using a rapid boiling method to produce template DNA directly from colonies from primary isolation plates in 10 min, these primers were used in a blind test with 122 isolates of C. dubhiensis, 53 isolates of C. albicans, 10 isolates of C. stellatoidea and representative isolates of other clinically relevant Candida and other yeast species. Only the C. dubhiensis isolates yielded the C. dubhiensis-specif ic 288 bp amplimer. Use of this technique on colonies suspected t o be C. dubhiensis allows their correct identification as C. dubhiensis in as little as 4 h.

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Structure, organization and promoter expression of the actin-encoding gene in trichoderma reesei

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Species Recognition and Clinical Relevance of the Zygomycetous GenusLichtheimia(syn.Absidia Pro Parte,Mycocladus)

Species Recognition and Clinical Relevance of the Zygomycetous GenusLichtheimia(syn.Absidia Pro Parte,Mycocladus)

Increased Production of Xylanase by Expression of a Truncated Version of the xyn11A Gene from Nonomuraea flexuosa in Trichoderma reesei

Phylogenetic analysis and rapid identification of Candida dubliniensis based on analysis of ACT1 intron and exon sequences

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