Structure of the yolksac epithelium and gills in the early developmental stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) maintained in different ambient salinities

Shen, A. C.-Y.; Leatherland, J. F.

doi:10.1007/bf00000526

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Hardness also had little effect on NKA a-subunit expression and NKA activity. This is in agreement with an early study on rainbow trout embryos and larvae which reported that gill MRCs did not differ in number or appearance in larvae reared at different salinities (deionized water, 11 ppm and 13 ppm sea water; Shen & Leatherland 1978).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Ions first: Na⁺uptake shifts from the skin to the gills before O₂uptake in developing rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Wilson

Rombough

et al. 2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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This is the first direct physiological evidence in support of the ionoregulatory hypothesis, challenging the long-held assumption that teleost gills develop initially for gas exchange. Resting unidirectional sodium (Na þ ) uptake and oxygen (O 2 ) uptake across the skin and gills were measured simultaneously in larval rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during development. In soft and hard water, Na þ uptake shifted to the gills by 15 and 16 days post-hatch (dph) while O 2 uptake took 50 -80% longer and shifted by 23 and 28 dph, respectively. This suggests that gills are required for ionoregulation prior to gas exchange in developing rainbow trout. The age of transition for Na þ uptake, gill Na þ , K þ -ATPase (NKA) a-subunit protein expression and gill NKA enzyme activity were not significantly different between soft and hard water-reared groups, which suggests a lack of plasticity in gill ionoregulatory development.In rainbow trout, the gills assume a dominant role in ionoregulation before gas exchange, suggesting that ionoregulation may be the initial driving force for gill development. Further investigation is required to determine whether this pattern is consistent with other teleosts and more basal fishes during early development to gain insight into the role of ionoregulation in vertebrate gill evolution.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Ions first: Na⁺uptake shifts from the skin to the gills before O₂uptake in developing rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Wilson

Rombough

et al. 2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…It has been reported in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) that no chloride cells could be detected in the yolk sac of the embryo and alevin (Leatherland and Lin 1975). In rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), only a few chloride cells were found in the yolk-sac epithelium of the embryo just before hatching, and no differences in the numbers or appearances of chloride cells in yolk-sac and gill epithelium could be found after the fertilized eggs or hatched eleutheroembryos were incubated or reared in distilled water, 11%o and 13%o seawater, respectively (Shen and Leatherland 1978). Thus, it has been suggested that the chloride cell may play no or a limited ion-regulatory role in the early stages of these species (Jones et al 1966, Leatherland and Lin 1975, Shen and Leatherland 1978.…”

Section: Skin Chloride-cellsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), only a few chloride cells were found in the yolk-sac epithelium of the embryo just before hatching, and no differences in the numbers or appearances of chloride cells in yolk-sac and gill epithelium could be found after the fertilized eggs or hatched eleutheroembryos were incubated or reared in distilled water, 11%o and 13%o seawater, respectively (Shen and Leatherland 1978). Thus, it has been suggested that the chloride cell may play no or a limited ion-regulatory role in the early stages of these species (Jones et al 1966, Leatherland and Lin 1975, Shen and Leatherland 1978. In 20-d-old alevins of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), Kashiwagi and Sato (1969) found that the number of gill chloride-cells increased within 1 d after transfer to 50% seawater and thereafter remained constant, however, the chloride cells of the skin were not studied.…”

Section: Skin Chloride-cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity effects on development of chloride cells in the larvae of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)

Hwang

1990

Mar. Biol.

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Abstract. Salinity effects on ultrastructure, size and density of chloride cells in the larvae of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel) were examined. Ayu larvae hatched in freshwater were reared in seawater and freshwater at the Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, and the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, between 1984 and 1986. Freshwater-hatched larvae modify the intercellular organization and the junctional structure of skin chloride-cells within 1 h after direct transfer to 30%0 seawater. The gills of seawater-reared larvae develop chloride cells earlier than those of freshwaterreared larvae. Following the development, a more rapid decrease in number of skin chloride-cells occurs in the freshwater group, while a more significant increase in size of skin chloride-cells occurs in the seawater group. These results indicate that chloride cells possibly play a critical role in osmoregulation in the early life stages of ayu as in the adult, and that the skin chloride-cells may perform this function until the development of the gill chloridecells is complete.

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“…Le développement de l'appareil branchial de la truite arc-en-ciel Salmo gairdneri a été décrit par plusieurs auteurs (MORGAN, 1974a(MORGAN, et 1974bSHEN et LEATHERLAND, 1978 ;GONZALEZ et al, 1996) GONZALEZ et al, 1996). Son mauvais fonctionnement pourrait entraîner à ce stade des capacités réduites de régulation provoquant cette variabilité des teneurs en eau.…”

Section: Effets D'une Hypoxie Continue Sur Le Développement Entre Fécunclassified

Expositions d'oeufs de truite commune (Salmo trutta) à des hypoxies temporaires ou continue : effets sur la branchie, la résorption de la vésicule vitelline et les caractéristiques morphométriques des alevins

Massa¹,

Delorme²,

Baglinière³

et al. 1999

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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Des études menées en rivière sur l'oxygénation dans les frayères à salmonidés ont suggéré que la survie des embryons pendant la phase sous graviers dépend de la teneur en oxygène dans les frayères à certains moments clés du développement. Deux expérimentations ont ainsi été mises en place afin de tester les effets d'hypoxies de 3 mg/l appliquées de façon temporaire (7 jours) ou en continu sur le développement d'embryons de truite commune (Salmo trutta). Les effets ont été analysés en terme de survie, croissance et résorption de la vésicule vitelline, dynamique d'éclosion et mise en place de l'appareil branchial après l'éclosion en hypoxie continue et à saturation.Les résultats ont montré que la teneur en oxygène de 3 mg/l à un débit de circulation de l'eau de 300 ml/min n'est pas létale pour les embryons, mais qu'elle induit des effets sublétaux à partir de la 3 ème semaine de développement : les dates d'éclosion sont retardées, la longueur à la fourche des alevins est significativement réduite ainsi que EARLY LIFE DEVELOPMENT OF BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA) EGGS UNDER TEMPORARY OR CONTINUOUS HYPOXIAL STRESS : EFFECTS ON THE GILLS, YOLK SAC RESORPTION AND MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS. ABSTRACTEcological studies on oxygénation in redds in salmonid streams suggest that the egg-to-fry survival strongly dépends on oxygen supply at key stages of development. This probably results in an increased eggs mortality. Thus two experiments have been carried out to test the effects of temporary or continuous hypoxial stress on early life development of brown trout (Salmo trutta) eggs. Survival, growth, hatching and yolk-sac résorption dynamics were analysed as well as branchial development after hatching in oxygenated and deoxygenated (3 mg/l at a 300 ml/min water flow) conditions.The results show that this oxygen concentration is not lethal for the embryos at hatching. However sublethal effects are observed when hypoxial stress is applied three weeks after fertilisation : hatching time is delayed, alevins are shorter, water content and yolk-sac conversion rate are lower than the ones from the control. More pronounced effects are observed under continuous hypoxie condition and higher mortalities are counted after hatching and until yolk sac résorption. This is probably due to limited respiratory exchanges linked to a reduced development of the gills.

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Structure of the yolksac epithelium and gills in the early developmental stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) maintained in different ambient salinities

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Ions first: Na⁺uptake shifts from the skin to the gills before O₂uptake in developing rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Ions first: Na⁺uptake shifts from the skin to the gills before O₂uptake in developing rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Salinity effects on development of chloride cells in the larvae of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)

Expositions d'oeufs de truite commune (Salmo trutta) à des hypoxies temporaires ou continue : effets sur la branchie, la résorption de la vésicule vitelline et les caractéristiques morphométriques des alevins

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Structure of the yolksac epithelium and gills in the early developmental stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) maintained in different ambient salinities

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Ions first: Na+uptake shifts from the skin to the gills before O2uptake in developing rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Ions first: Na+uptake shifts from the skin to the gills before O2uptake in developing rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Salinity effects on development of chloride cells in the larvae of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)

Expositions d'oeufs de truite commune (Salmo trutta) à des hypoxies temporaires ou continue : effets sur la branchie, la résorption de la vésicule vitelline et les caractéristiques morphométriques des alevins

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Ions first: Na⁺uptake shifts from the skin to the gills before O₂uptake in developing rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Ions first: Na⁺uptake shifts from the skin to the gills before O₂uptake in developing rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss