Structure of the Ru, Ag and Te L X-ray emission spectra

Abstract

The emission of X-rays in atomic transitions from L-shell vacancy states of Ru, Ag and Te induced by electron incidence was studied.

Experimental determination of line energies, line widths and relative transition probabilities of the Gadolinium L x-ray emission spectrum

“…Each setting required an independent calibration of the spectrometer with respect to energy scale and spectrometer response. A commonly used procedure to calibrate crystal spectrometers is based on measuring known standard samples and refer the energetic position of the measured emission lines to trustworthy literature values 10,27,28 . This method relies on the data and estimated uncertainties found in literature and may not always be practical due to missing or interpolated data.…”

Silver L1, L2and L3cross-sections for ionization and x-ray production by electron impact

“…Figure 3 shows the region of interest of the WDS Ag-L spectrum generated by 20 keV impinging electrons [26], in which the main diagram lines have been labeled. Since an optimum agreement between the spectrum predicted by POEMA and the experimental data was achieved, the values obtained through this fitting process for emission energies and transition rates have been taken as a reference for the refinements carried out along the present work.…”

“…Since the EDS spectrometer inhibits the discrimination of the many different Ag-L emission lines, the values for the characteristic energies and for the transition rates were determined from previous fittings to spectra acquired when irradiating a bulk Ag standard using a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS), for which the energy resolution is much better [26]. For thin targets, instead, a very weak signal is emitted, which implies that statistically acceptable spectra in a WDS would require either too high beam currents, which might induce sample damage, or impracticably long acquisition times.…”

“…As mentioned above, since EDS spectrometers do not bear appropriate energy resolution so as to discriminate all Lemissions, values for transition rates and emission energies were taken from previous fittings to WDS spectra [26]. Maintaining these values fixed, EDS spectra induced by electron impact were fitted, for incident energies of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 25 keV.…”

Experimental x-ray-production cross sections for the M3, M4 , and M5 subshells of Pt and Au by electron impact

“…To this purpose, x-ray spectra induced by keV-electron impact were measured at different beam energies with an energy-dispersive detector. These spectra were then processed by means of a robust optimization procedure implemented in a previous work [20] and successfully used for the determination of different atomic parameters [21][22][23][24][25]. In this approach, the values for the x-ray-production cross sections were assessed from the prediction of characteristic spectra on the basis of ionization depth distribution functions [26], and therefore no simplifications were required regarding either the electron trajectories within the material or backscattering losses.…”