Structure of the Primary Cell Walls of Suspension-Cultured <i>Rosa glauca</i> Cells

Joseleau, J.P.; Chambat, G.

doi:10.1104/pp.74.3.694

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…<1% of the entire wall), so XG could not function significantly as a covalent bridge between other wall polymers, as depicted in the sycamore model. Although Chambat et al (12) interpreted one subfraction of the primary walls of cultured rose cells as containing XG possibly glycosidically linked to pectic polymers somewhat as in the sycamore model, they isolated a substantial proportion of this wall's XG apparently free of AG and RG (33). Our results significantly extend these earlier conclusions by showing that most of the growing pea wall's XG, and the majority of its AG, are not linked glycosidically to other matrix components.…”

Section: Possible Covalent Interlinking Of Hemicellulosessupporting

confidence: 80%

Molecular Size and Separability Features of Pea Cell Wall Polysaccharides

Talbott¹,

Ray²

1992

Plant Physiol.

187

129

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Relative molecular size distributions of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides of pea (Pisum sativum cv Alaska) third intemode primary walls were determined by gel filtration chromatography. Pectic polyuronides have a peak molecular mass of about 1100 kilodaltons, relative to dextran standards. This peak may be partly an aggregate of smaller molecular units, because demonstrable aggregation occurred when samples were concentrated by evaporation. About 86% of the neutral sugars (mostly arabinose and galactose) in the pectin cofractionate with polyuronide in gel filtration chromatography and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography and appear to be attached covalently to polyuronide chains, probably as constituents of rhamnogalacturonans. However, at least 60% of the wall's arabinan/ galactan is not linked covalently to the bulk of its rhamnogalacturonan, either glycosidically or by ester links, but occurs in the hemicellulose fraction, accompanied by negligible uronic acid, and has a peak molecular mass of about 1000 kilodaltons. Xyloglucan, the other principal hemicellulosic polymer, has a peak molecular mass of about 30 kilodaltons (with a secondary, usually minor, peak of approximately 300 kilodaltons) and is mostly not linked glycosidically either to pectic polyuronides or to arabinogalactan. The relatively narrow molecular mass distributions of these polymers suggest mechanisms of co-or postsynthetic control of hemicellulose chain length by the cell. Although the macromolecular features of the mentioned polymers individually agree generally with those shown in the widely disseminated sycamore cell primary wall model, the matrix polymers seem to be associated mostly noncovalently rather than in the covalently interlinked meshwork postulated by that model. Xyloglucan and arabinan/galactan may form tightly and more loosely bound layers, respectively, around the cellulose microfibrils, the outer layer interacting with pectic rhamnogalacturonans that occupy interstices between the hemicellulose-coated microfibrils.The cell wall plays a critical role in plant cell enlargement. A wide range of growth-regulating agents, including both hormones and environmental factors, apparently act by modifying the ability of the primary wall to extend irreversibly.

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Section: Possible Covalent Interlinking Of Hemicellulosessupporting

confidence: 80%

Molecular Size and Separability Features of Pea Cell Wall Polysaccharides

Talbott¹,

Ray²

1992

Plant Physiol.

187

129

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“…Earlier work had established the sugar sequences in the side chains and the anomeric configurations of the terminal fucose and terminal xylose residues [7,8] arabinose did not give a detectable signal. Assignments were based on those of published spectra of xyloglucans [11,39] and of an oligosaccharide containing Fuc-(l -.2)-Gal- [40].…”

Section: Glycosidic-linkage Analysis Of Koh-soluble Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins of parenchymatous tissues of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus)

Ryden

Selvendran

1990

Biochemical Journal

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1. Polymers were solubilized from the cell walls of parenchyma from mature runner-bean pods with minimum degradation by successive extractions with cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine-NNN'N'-tetra-acetate (CDTA), Na2CO0 and KOH to leave the a-cellulose residue, which contained cross-linked pectic polysaccharides and Hyp-rich glycoproteins. These were solubilized with chlorite/acetic acid and cellulase. The polymers were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography, and fractions were subjected to methylation analysis. 2. The pectic polysaccharides differed in their ease of extraction, and a small proportion were highly cross-linked. The bulk of the pectic polysaccharides solubilized by CDTA and Na2C03 were less branched than those solubilized by KOH. There was good evidence that most of the pectic polysaccharides were not degraded during extraction. 3. The protein-containing fractions included Hyp-rich and Hyp-poor glycoproteins associated with easily extractable pectic polysaccharides, Hyp-rich glycoproteins solubilized with 4M-KOH + borate, the bulk of which were not associated with pectic polysaccharides, and highly cross-linked Hyp-rich glycoproteins. 4. Isodityrosine was not detected, suggesting that it does not have a (major) cross-linking role in these walls. Instead, it is suggested that phenolics, presumably linked to C-5 of 3,5-linked Araf residues of Hyp-rich glycoproteins, serve to crosslink some of the polymers. 5. There were two main types of xyloglucan, with different degrees of branching. The bulk of the less branched xyloglucans were solubilized by more-concentrated alkali. The anomeric configurations of the sugars in one of the highly branched xyloglucans were determined by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. 6. The structural features of the cell-wall polymers and complexes are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls of parenchyma tissues. INTRODUCTIONThe plant cell wall has a complex structure, with properties that depend on the tissue type and stage of development. The physical characteristics and biological functions of the cell walls depend primarily on the constituent structural polymers and how they interact with each other to form the wall matrix. The challenge is to identify the cell-wall polysaccharides, glycoproteins, proteoglycans and phenolics and understand how these are assembled in a particular cell type. Cell-wall models have been proposed based mainly on studies of suspensioncultured sycamore cells, which are deficient in polymers of the middle lamella [1,2]. In these studies exhaustive treatment with polygalacturonase was initially used, so that information on the composition and structure of some of the pectic polysaccharides would have been lost. In previous papers we have studied parenchyma cell walls from the pods of Phaseolus coccineus in some depth, but the pectic polysaccharides were degraded by the conditions of extraction used [3]. Nevertheless much information about the constituent glycoproteins [4,5], proteoglycans [6] and xyloglucans [7,8] has been obtained.We ha...

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“…by ethanol-precipitation, gel-permeation chromatography or ion-exchange chromatography Joseleau and Chambat 1984;Selvendran 1985;Selvendran et al 1985). In a thorough recent study,`pecticxylan±xyloglucan complexes' were reported in alkali extracts from lower stems of cauli¯ower (Femenia et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for covalent linkage between xyloglucan and acidic pectins in suspension-cultured rose cells

Thompson

Fry

2000

Planta

170

104

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Neutral xyloglucan was purified from the cell walls of suspension-cultured rose (Rosa sp. 'Paul's Scarlet') cells by alkali extraction, ethanol precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography on 'Q-Sepharose FastFlow'. The procedure recovered 70% of the total xyloglucan at about 95% purity in the neutral fraction. The remaining 30% of the xyloglucan was anionic, as demonstrated both by anion-exchange chromatography at pH 4.7 and by high-voltage electrophoresis at pH 6.5. Alkali did not cause neutral xyloglucan to become anionic, indicating that the anionic nature of the rose xyloglucan was not an artefact of the extraction procedure. Pre-incubation of neutral [3H]xyloglucan with any of ten non-radioactive acidic polysaccharides did not cause the radioactive material to become anionic as judged by electrophoresis, indicating that stable complexes between neutral xyloglucan and acidic polysaccharides were not readily formed in vitro. The anionic xyloglucan did not lose its charge in the presence of 8 M urea or after a second treatment with NaOH, indicating that its anionic nature was not due to hydrogen-bonding of xyloglucan to an acidic polymer. Proteinase did not affect the anionic xyloglucan, indicating that it was not associated with an acidic protein. Cellulase converted the anionic xyloglucan to the expected neutral nonasaccharide and heptasaccharide, indicating that the repeatunits of the xyloglucan did not contain acidic residues. Endo-polygalacturonase converted about 40% of the anionic xyloglucan to neutral material. Arabinanase and galactanase also converted appreciable proportions of the anionic xyloglucan to neutral material. These results show that about 30% of the xyloglucan in the cell walls of suspension-cultured rose cells exists in covalently-linked complexes with acidic pectins.

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Structure of the Primary Cell Walls of Suspension-Cultured Rosa glauca Cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Molecular Size and Separability Features of Pea Cell Wall Polysaccharides

Molecular Size and Separability Features of Pea Cell Wall Polysaccharides

Cell-wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins of parenchymatous tissues of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus)

Evidence for covalent linkage between xyloglucan and acidic pectins in suspension-cultured rose cells

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