Structure of the Indian Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation and its relationship with the zonal wind stress

Li, Yaokun; Jiping, Chao

doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4718-y

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The warmer southward Ekman surface flow subducts in the subtropical southern IO (SIO) and then flows northward along the thermocline and subsequently feeds upwellings at approximately 10°S and in the northern IO (NIO), resulting in the formation of the SSTC and CEC respectively (Schott et al., 2002, 2004). As an important component of the SMOC, the SSTC exhibits pronounced interannual variability (Y. Li & Chao, 2014), causing interannual variation in meridional heat transport in the IO (Ma et al., 2019). Hence, SSTC variability can modulate the oceanic temperature and heat content in the IO and play an important role in dynamic ocean and atmosphere systems (Trenary & Han, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an important component of the SMOC, the SSTC exhibits pronounced interannual variability (Y. Li & Chao, 2014), causing interannual variation in meridional heat transport in the IO (Ma et al, 2019). Hence, SSTC variability can modulate the oceanic temperature and heat content in the IO and play an important role in dynamic ocean and atmosphere systems (Trenary & Han, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric Impacts of ENSO on Boreal Winter Southern Subtropical Cell in the Indian Ocean

Liu,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2024

JGR Oceans

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The interannual relationships between the southern subtropical cell (SSTC) in the Indian Ocean (IO) and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are examined. The results demonstrate that the impacts of ENSO on the boreal winter IO SSTC display a notable negative skewness, with the amplification of the SSTC during La Niña being far stronger than its reduction during El Niño. This difference is mainly attributed to an asymmetry in anomalous meridional geostrophic transport, characterized by more robust southward (weaker northward) geostrophic transport anomalies during La Niña (El Niño) events. Further analyses reveal that the differing longitudinal positions of the ENSO‐related sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) are the primary drivers of the asymmetry in anomalous meridional geostrophic transport via the oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections. Compared to the warm SSTA in El Niño events, the La Niña‐related cool SSTA in the central‐eastern equatorial Pacific displays a greater westward extension, which induces stronger surface easterlies over the western equatorial Pacific, and then initiates a more substantial sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) through oceanic waveguides. This leads to a heightened zonal SSHA gradient over the southern IO, resulting in a larger anomalous meridional geostrophic transport. On the other hand, the westward extension of negative SSTA during La Niña winters triggers anomalous cyclonic northerlies along the western coast of Australia by shifting the Walker circulation westward. These coastal northerlies amplify the positive SSHA signals in the SEIO and enhance the anomalous meridional geostrophic transport, ultimately contributing to a more robust IO SSTC response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Impacts of ENSO on Boreal Winter Southern Subtropical Cell in the Indian Ocean

Liu,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2024

JGR Oceans

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“…Many studies have shown that the onset and retreat of the Indian Monsoon mainly promote seasonal cycles of the Ekman transport (Garternicht and Schott 1997;Lee and Marotzke 1997;Li and Chao 2013). In particular, Lee and Marotzke (1998) concluded that the maximum seasonal variations of the streamfunction at 10°N and 10°S are related to monsoon reversal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of equatorial wind stress on Ekman transport during the mature phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole

Zhang

2022

Clim Dyn

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This paper investigates the impact of equatorial wind stress on the equatorial Ekman transport during the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mature phase. The results show that the equatorial zonal wind stress directly drives the meridional motion of seawater at the upper levels. In normal years, the zonal wind stress south of the equator is easterly and that north of the equator is westerly, which contributes to southward Ekman transport at the upper levels to form the climatological Indian Ocean shallow meridional overturning circulation. During the years of positive IOD events, abnormal easterly winds near the equator bring southward Ekman transport south of the equator while they bring northward Ekman transport north of the equator. This causes the seawater to move away from the equator and hence induces upwelling near the equator, which forms a pair of small circulation cells that are symmetric about the equator at the upper levels (approximately 100 m deep). The abnormal circulation cell south (north) of the equator strengthens (weakens) the southward (southward) motion south (north) of the equator. During years with negative IOD events, the opposite occurs. In addition, during the mature period of IOD, the remote sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may exert some influence on Ekman transport anomaly near the equator during the mature period of IOD.

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Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Hypoxic Zone in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean

Xie¹,

Wang²,

Xin³

et al. 2023

J. Ocean Univ. China

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Structure of the Indian Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation and its relationship with the zonal wind stress

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Asymmetric Impacts of ENSO on Boreal Winter Southern Subtropical Cell in the Indian Ocean

Asymmetric Impacts of ENSO on Boreal Winter Southern Subtropical Cell in the Indian Ocean

Impact of equatorial wind stress on Ekman transport during the mature phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole

Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Hypoxic Zone in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean

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