Chemical studies on the plants of the genus Ferula (Apiaceae) show the presence of many compounds belonging mainly to the groups of monoterpene coumarins, sesquiterpene coumarins, sesquiterpenes, furanocoumarins and aromatic compounds. Biological studies reveal significant activities, such as an anti-HIV activity, inhibition of cytokine release and early events of carcinogenesis. Extracts of some species of Ferula have long been used in folk medicine for treating various diseases, possess an antimicrobial and estrogenic actions, and are natural plant growth inhibitors and stimulators.