Structure of the caecilian <i>Siphonops annulatus</i> (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): general aspects of the body, disposition of the organs and the structure of the mouth, oesophagus and stomach

doi:10.1046/j.1463-6395.1999.20009.x

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, many oviparous species have a unique type of parental care, known as "skin feeding" (or dermatophagy), in which the young feed on the maternal skin during their development [9][10][11][12]. With only 214 species [13], these animals constitute the least known group of Class Amphibia [11,14,15]. Essentially with tropical distribution, they are relatively abundant in South America, where the species Siphonops annulatus is widely distributed and adapted to different humidity levels ranging from dry (semi-arid) regions to tropical forests [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the Cutaneous Poison and Mucous Glands in Amphibians with Particular Emphasis on Caecilians (Siphonops annulatus)

Maurício

Mailho‐Fontana

Sato

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Caecilians (order Gymnophiona) are apodan, snake-like amphibians, usually with fossorial habits, constituting one of the most unknown groups of terrestrial vertebrates. As in orders Anura (frogs, tree frogs and toads) and Caudata (salamanders and newts), the caecilian skin is rich in mucous glands, responsible for body lubrication, and poison glands, producing varied toxins used in defence against predators and microorganisms. Whereas in anurans and caudatans skin gland morphology has been well studied, caecilian poison glands remain poorly elucidated. Here we characterised the skin gland morphology of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus, emphasising the poison glands in comparison to those of anurans and salamanders. We showed that S. annulatus glands are similar to those of salamanders, consisting of several syncytial compartments full of granules composed of protein material but showing some differentiated apical compartments containing mucus. An unusual structure resembling a mucous gland is frequently observed in lateral/apical position, apparently connected to the main duct. We conclude that the morphology of skin poison glands in caecilians is more similar to salamander glands when compared to anuran glands that show a much-simplified structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the Cutaneous Poison and Mucous Glands in Amphibians with Particular Emphasis on Caecilians (Siphonops annulatus)

Maurício

Mailho‐Fontana

Sato

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Absence asymmetry: The evolution of monorchid beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)

2005

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Tongue and taste organ development in the ontogeny of direct‐developing salamander Plethodon cinereus (Lissamphibia: Plethodontidae)

Budzik

Żuwała

Kerney

2016

Journal of Morphology

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The latest research on direct developing caecilian and anuran species indicate presence of only one generation of taste organs during their ontogeny. This is distinct from indirect developing batrachians studied thus far, which possess taste buds in larvae and anatomically distinct taste discs in metamorphs. This study is a description of the tongue and taste organ morphology and development in direct developing salamander Plethodon cinereus (Plethodontidae) using histology and electron microscopy techniques. The results reveal two distinct stages tongue morphology (primary and secondary), similar to metamorphic urodeles, although only one stage of taste organ morphology. Taste disc sensory zones emerge on the surface of the oropharyngeal epithelium by the end of embryonic development, which coincides with maturation of the soft tongue. Taste organs occur in the epithelium of the tongue pad (where they are situated on the dermal papillae), the palate and the inner surface of the mandible and the maxilla. Plethodon cinereus embryos only possess taste disc type taste organs. Similar to the direct developing anuran Eleutherodactylus coqui (Eleutherodactylidae), these salamanders do not recapitulate larval taste bud morphology as an embryo. The lack of taste bud formation is probably a broadly distributed feature characteristic to direct developing batrachians. J. Morphol. 277:906-915, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Structure of the caecilian Siphonops annulatus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): general aspects of the body, disposition of the organs and the structure of the mouth, oesophagus and stomach

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Morphology of the Cutaneous Poison and Mucous Glands in Amphibians with Particular Emphasis on Caecilians (Siphonops annulatus)

Morphology of the Cutaneous Poison and Mucous Glands in Amphibians with Particular Emphasis on Caecilians (Siphonops annulatus)

Absence asymmetry: The evolution of monorchid beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Tongue and taste organ development in the ontogeny of direct‐developing salamander Plethodon cinereus (Lissamphibia: Plethodontidae)

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