Structure of the AAA ATPase p97

Zhang, Xiaodong; Shaw, A.; Bates, Paul A.; Newman, Richard; Gowen, Brent; Orlova, Elena V.; Gorman, Michael A.; Kondo, Hisao; Dokurno, P.; Lally, John M.; Leonard, Gordon A.; Meyer, Hemmo; Heel, Marin van; Freemont, Paul S.

doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)00143-x

Cited by 406 publications

(501 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…[298] The aryl perfluorooctylsulfonate precursors for Suzuki-type couplings were readily prepared from phenols and commercially available perfluorooctylsulfonyl fluoride. Subsequent Suzuki reaction with aryl boronic acids in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst provided the desired biaryls in high yield.…”

Section: Addendummentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Microwave Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis

2004

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Although fire is now rarely used in synthetic chemistry, it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by the isomantle, oil bath, or hot plate as a source for applying heat to a chemical reaction. In the past few years, heating and driving chemical reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique is slowly moving from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that is heavily used in both academia and industry. The efficiency of “microwave flash heating” in dramatically reducing reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) is just one of the many advantages. This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.

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Section: Addendummentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Microwave Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis

2004

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“…(11) Characteristically, all AAAþ members have the ability to self-assemble into higher order oligomeric structures, often as hexamers arranged in a ring shape. (13)(14)(15)(16) They also have the conserved functionality of transforming the energy derived from NTP hydrolysis to a mechanical force typically used to remodel protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes. (11,12,17) Sequence alignments have demonstrated that AAAþ proteins share common motifs, namely the AAA minimum consensus, Walker A, Walker B, Sensor I and Sensor II.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating protein–protein interfaces in bacterial transcription complexes: a fragmentation approach

Burrows

2003

BioEssays

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SummaryTranscription initiation by s 54 -RNA polymerase (RNAP) relies explicitly on a transient interaction with a complex molecular machine belonging to the AAAþ (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) superfamily. Members of the AAAþ superfamily convert chemical energy derived from NTP hydrolysis to a mechanical force used to remodel their target substrate. Recently Bordes and colleagues, (1) using a protein fragmentation approach, identified a unique sequence within s 54 -dependent transcriptional activators that constitutes a s 54 -binding interface. This interface is not static, but subject to nucleotide-dependent movement which may represent a common mechanism for controlling output that has been adopted by other AAAþ proteins. IntroductionDefining the types of strategy and the mechanisms used to control gene expression is important for a full understanding of how the genetic information stored within DNA can be unlocked. Elaborate signal pathways exist to ensure that genes are only expressed when required, thus enabling flexible adaptation in response to changing environmental conditions. At the heart of these pathways lie transcription factors, which regulate the activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP), the central enzyme in gene expression. Bacterial RNAP is a multisubunit enzyme with subunit composition a 2 bb 0 o; In this 'core' form, the RNAP is catalytically competent but incapable of locating specific DNA target sequences,

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“…A general method for fluorous Suzuki reaction of perfluorooctanesulfonates has been developed using [Pd(dppf) Cl 2 ] (dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphano)ferrocene) as a catalyst, K 2 CO 3 as a base, and 4 : 4 : 1 toluene/acetone/H 2 O as a solvent system (Scheme 4) [31]. Reactions were conducted under microwave heating at 100-130 °C for 10 min and the reaction mixtures were directly loaded onto a FluoroFlash cartridge for F-SPE.…”

Section: Fluorousmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting amines were then reacted with isocyanates to form substituted hydantoin rings 14 or with benzoyl chlorides to form amides 15. Purified F-sulfonates were used for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to form corresponding biaryl 16 [31] and arylsulfide 17 [32] products, respectively.…”

Section: Compound Library Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tagged substrates were taken through aldol condensation and cycloaddition reactions to form the pyrimidine ring 18. The intermediates were then reacted with boronic acids for Suzuki reactions to form biaryl compounds 19 [31], reacted with HCO 2 H to give traceless detagged products 20 [34], or reacted with amine to form products 21 [33].…”

Section: Compound Library Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave-Enhanced High-Speed Fluorous Synthesis

Zhang

Microwave Methods in Organic Synthesis

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Increasing reaction speed and simplifying product purification are two major ways to improve the efficiency of organic synthesis. A new technology for high-speed solution-phase synthesis has been developed by combination of microwave heating and fluorous purification. This review describes different techniques for microwave-enhanced fluorous synthesis and their applications in Pdcatalyzed cross-coupling reactions, free-radical reactions, multicomponent reactions, and compound library synthesis.

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Structure of the AAA ATPase p97

Cited by 406 publications

References 48 publications

Controlled Microwave Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis

Controlled Microwave Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis

Investigating protein–protein interfaces in bacterial transcription complexes: a fragmentation approach

Microwave-Enhanced High-Speed Fluorous Synthesis

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