Structure of Spinel

Sickafus, Kurt E.; Wills, J. M.; Grimes, N. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02241.x

Cited by 1,051 publications

(650 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…67 Also, the chemical formula for spinel structured metal oxides can be denoted as A x B 3Àx O 4 (A, B = Co, Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, etc.). The spinel structure consists of a cubic close-packed array of oxide ions, in which one-eighth of the tetrahedral sites and one half of the octahedral sites are occupied by cations.…”

Section: General Aspects Of Spinel-type Transition Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous nanoarchitectures of spinel-type transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage systems

Park

Kim

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

147

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. (2015). Porous nanoarchitectures of spinel-type transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage systems. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 17 (46), 30963-30977. Porous nanoarchitectures of spinel-type transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage systems AbstractTransition metal oxides possessing two kinds of metals (denoted as AxB3-xO4, which is generally defined as a spinel structure; A, B = Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, etc.), with stoichiometric or even non-stoichiometric compositions, have recently attracted great interest in electrochemical energy storage systems (ESSs). The spinel-type transition metal oxides exhibit outstanding electrochemical activity and stability, and thus, they can play a key role in realising cost-effective and environmentally friendly ESSs. Moreover, porous nanoarchitectures can offer a large number of electrochemically active sites and, at the same time, facilitate transport of charge carriers (electrons and ions) during energy storage reactions. In the design of spinel-type transition metal oxides for energy storage applications, therefore, nanostructural engineering is one of the most essential approaches to achieving high electrochemical performance in ESSs. In this perspective, we introduce spinel-type transition metal oxides with various transition metals and present recent research advances in material design of spinel-type transition metal oxides with tunable architectures (shape, porosity, and size) and compositions on the micro-and nano-scale. Furthermore, their technological applications as electrode materials for next-generation ESSs, including metal-air batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, are discussed. The spinel-type transition metal oxides exhibit outstanding electrochemical activity and stability, and thus, they can play a key role in realising cost-effective and environmentally friendly ESSs. Moreover, porous nanoarchitectures can offer a large number of electrochemically active sites and, at the same time, facilitate transport of charge carriers (electrons and ions) during energy storage reactions. In the design of spinel-type transition metal oxides for energy storage applications, therefore, nanostructural engineering is one of the most essential approaches to achieving high electrochemical performance in ESSs. In this perspective, we introduce spinel-type transition metal oxides with various transition metals and present recent research advances in material design of spinel-type transition metal oxides with tunable architectures (shape, porosity, and size) and compositions on the micro-and nano-scale.Furthermore, their technological applications as electrode materials for next-generation ESSs, including metal-air batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, are discussed.

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Section: General Aspects Of Spinel-type Transition Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous nanoarchitectures of spinel-type transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage systems

Park

Kim

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

147

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“…The ions in the 2+ oxidation states, which are regularly located in the tetrahedral (T) sites, pass to the octahedral (M) ones that are normally occupied by the 3+ ions, and vice versa. 4 It is called a transition into an "inversion structure", which is followed by the changes in the structural-parameter values, like the oxygen parameter or the cation-anion distance in the T and M sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic behaviour of magnesia-chrome refractories at elevated temperatures

Jastrzębska¹,

Szczerba²,

Szlęzak³

2015

Mater. Tehnol.

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An investigation of the high-temperature elastic behaviour of four varieties of magnesia-chrome products was conducted in the present work. The starting materials were characterized with XRF, XRD and SEM/EDS analyses. The measurements of the dynamic Young's modulus were performed in a temperature range of 20-1300°C, using the acoustic method. Moreover, the dynamic Young's moduli, shear moduli and Poisson's ratios were established at ambient temperature for the original and after-heating samples. The obtained results showed similar characteristics, but the elastic behaviours of all the refractory test materials were distinguishable. The curve of the Young's modulus changed as a function of temperature, exhibiting a close-to-hysteresis character, with a decreasing area between the lower and upper curve as the Cr2O3 content increased in the material. The Young's modulus and the shear modulus at ambient temperature were lower for the after-heating samples when compared to the original ones. Keywords: Young's modulus, elastic properties, refractories, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio V tem delu je opisana preiskava visokotemperaturnih elasti~nih lastnosti magnezija-kromovih proizvodov. Za~etni materiali so bili ocenjeni z analizo XRF, XRD in SEM/EDS. V obmo~ju temperatur 20-1300°C so bile izvr{ene meritve dinami~nega Young-ovega modula z akusti~no metodo. Nadalje so bili dolo~eni dinami~ni Young-ov modul, stri`ni modul in Poisson-ovo {tevilo pri sobni temperaturi originalnih in toplotno obdelanih vzorcih. Dobljeni rezultati so pokazali podoben karakter, vendar pa se je elasti~no vedenje vseh preizku{anih ognjevzdr`nih materialov razlikovalo. Krivulja Young-ovega modula se spreminja v odvisnosti od temperature, ima ozek histerezni karakter z zmanj{anjem podro~ja med spodnjo in zgornjo krivuljo, ko vsebnost Cr2O3 v materialu nara{~a. Young-ov stri`ni modul je bil pri sobni temperaturi ni`ji pri`arjenih vzorcih v primerjavi z originalnimi.

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“…It is a cubic structure with space group symmetry Fd3m 6 . This elaborate crystallographic structure, which can accommodate significant cation disorder, has a unique perspective for studies of substitutions and their relations with the chemical and physical properties 7,8 . Spinel crystal structures can be divided into two types: normal (or direct) and inverse spinel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Properties of pigment Li2-xZn1-xPrxTi3O8

et al. 2016

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Inorganic compounds doped with rare earths (Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Gd 3+ , Tb 3+ , Tm 3+ ) have been used in various applications including light-emitting devices such as fluorescent lamps, cathode ray tubes, lasers and inorganic pigments. In this study, Pr 3+ is doped in spinel Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 system and synthesized by the polymeric precursor method, which is based on the process developed by the Pechini, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible and CIE-L colorimetric measures * a * b *., in order to study the effect of doping and thermal treatment on its colorimetric properties. With three different samples of Pr 3+ doping (0.01; 0.05 and 0.1 mol%) were prepared and calcined at 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C and 900°C for 4 h. The analysis of X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of pure phases with spinel structure and average crystallite size of less than 46 nm. It was found that the colorimetric properties ranging from green to red, in accordance with the increase in the concentration of Pr 3+ and thermal processing temperature.

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Structure of Spinel

Cited by 1,051 publications

References 65 publications

Porous nanoarchitectures of spinel-type transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage systems

Porous nanoarchitectures of spinel-type transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage systems

Elastic behaviour of magnesia-chrome refractories at elevated temperatures

Spectroscopic Properties of pigment Li2-xZn1-xPrxTi3O8

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